粮食安全信息网络(FSIN)：2024年全球粮食危机报告（英文原版+译版）（198页）.pdf

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3、osesisprohibitedwithoutwrittenpermission.ApplicationsforsuchpermissionshouldbeaddressedtotheFoodSecurityInformationNetworkSecretariat,email:fsin-secretariatwfp.orgThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationproductdonotimplytheexpressionofa

4、nyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodSecurityInformationNetwork(FSIN),itsconstituentpartiesanditspartnersconcerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.FSIN2024.CON

5、TENTSFiiiAcknowledgementsetNutritionelleetNutritionelledelascuritalimentairedelascuritalimentaireyNutricinyNutricinenFasesenFasesClasifcacinIntegradadelaSeguridadAlimentariaenFasesClasifcacinIntegradadelaSeguridadAlimentariaenFasesCLUSTERGlobalNUTRITIONThisreportwou

6、ldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthegeneroussupportoftheEuropeanUnion.TheopinionsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheEuropeanUnion.ThiseightheditionoftheGlobalReportonFoodCrises(GRFC)continuesthecollaborationestablishedin2

7、016betweentheFoodSecurityInformationNetworkandthe16GRFCpartneragencies.WhilethedraftingandreviewprocessarefacilitatedbytheFSINSecretariat,therobustandcomprehensivecontentreliesonthecontributionofdata,technicalexpertiseandcontentfromourpartners.Specialthanksin

8、particularareextendedtotheFSINteamwhoonceagainworkedtirelesslytoproducethedocument,listentoreviewersandenrichtheproductbasedontheirfeedback;totheGRFCSeniorCommitteewhoprovidedguidanceandsupportthroughcomplexdecisions;totheGRFCTechnicalWorkingGroupswhobroug

9、httheirknowledgeandexpertisetodeepentheanalysis;andtoourpartnerscommunicationsteamswhoensuredthatthefindingsoftheGRFC2024arewidelydisseminatedandknown.Thanksarealsoextendedtoalltheindividualsbasedinregionsandcountrieswhobroughttheirexpertisetotheproduct.T

10、henameslistedbelowarebynomeansexhaustiveforaproductofthisnature:FSINSecretariatFedericaCarfagna,EvanCarr,LynnClark,CarlosManuelEstevezReyes,GiulioFabris,MariaPaolaGuerra,SaraMchattie,EmilyOlsson,ClaudioRibotta,ZiadRizkallahandKatyWilliams.GRFCpartnersHassanAliAhmed,

11、JonathanDavidAndrews,LaviniaAntonaci,VicenteAnzellini,LilianBarajas,SimonaBortolotti,HeleneBerton,EricBranckaert,GiuliaCaivano,AliceClough,GemmaConnell,SophieChotard,CristinaCoslet,AlessandroCostantino,Anne-CelineDelinger,EveSuzyClaraLeDem,NanaDlamini,AntenehDobamo,StefanoFedele,AbdiFidar,Gwen

12、aelleGarnier,ValerieGatchell,RodrigoGil-Quintana,ShannonHayes,NikkiAlexandraHerwanger,LenaHohfeld,ArifHusain,KahinIsmail,BaouaIssoufou,SallyJames,DouglasJayasekaran,DamienJoud,JustinKabuyaya,JanetKimani,Marie-HeleneKyprianou,NaouarLabidi,BrendaLazarus,JosLopez,OliverMaes,HamadounMahamadou,AbdulMajid

13、,WilliamsMassaoud,AurlienMellin,QuraishiaMerzouk,NicholasMinot,NaserMohmand,SiphokaziMoloinyane,CinziaMonetta,SusanaMorenoRomero,MoctarMoussa,GiampieroMuci,CharityMumbua,AnuradhaNarayan,MaryNjenga,TerryNjeri-Theuri,MartaOrtiz,CinziaPapavero,HyunjuPark,ElisePolak,BenedettaPompili,JonathanPound,Sa

14、miaRahman,HasinaRakotomanana,FelixRembold,BrendanRice,JosRuizEsp,MohamedSalem,DuncanSamikwa,CharitySammy,BrittaSchumacher,EdgarScrase,AlmudenaSerrano,JungEunSohn,AhmedSulaiman,FeliciaTakavarasha,GaolatheThobokwe,PhilippeThomas,LauraTosi,MonikaTothova,JoseManuelVeigaLopez-Pena,RoosmarijnVerstraeten

15、,JoseluisVivero,RobVos,AnneWagner,MassaoudWiliams,FleurWouterse,LisamarieZammitandMarioZappacosta,HeinZeelie.Inmemoriam:RicardoSibrinandDjimAdoum.CONTENTSFvContentsForeword.viiKeyfindings.ixAcronyms.xGlossary.xiIntroduction.1CHAPTER1GLOBALOVERVIEWOFFOODCRISES.5Spotlight|Displacem

16、ent.18CHAPTER2CENTRALANDSOUTHERNAFRICA.25Angola.33CentralAfricanRepublic.34Congo.35DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.36Eswatini.37Lesotho.37Madagascar(specificareas).38Malawi.39Mozambique(specificareas).40Namibia.41UnitedRepublicofTanzania(specificareas).42Zambia(specificareas).43Zi

17、mbabwe.44EASTAFRICA.45Focus|ConflictintheSudan.53Burundi.55Djibouti.56Ethiopia.57Kenya(specificareas).58Somalia.59SouthSudan.60Sudan.61Uganda.62Additionalcountriesofconcern.63WESTAFRICAANDTHESAHEL.65Benin.73BurkinaFaso.74Cameroon.75Chad.76CtedIvoire.77Guinea.78Liberia.79Mali

18、.80Mauritania.81Niger.82Nigeria.83Senegal.84SierraLeone.85Togo.86Additionalcountryofconcern.87ASIA.89Afghanistan.97Bangladesh(specificareas).98Myanmar.99Pakistan(specificareas).100SriLanka.101Additionalcountriesofconcern.102EUROPE.103Focus|Thefar-reachingimpactofthewarinUkraine

19、.104Ukraine.107Additionalcountryofconcern.108LATINAMERICAANDTHECARIBBEAN.109Colombia.116DominicanRepublic.117ElSalvador.118Guatemala.119Haiti.120Honduras.121Nicaragua.121Migrantandrefugeepopulations.122Additionalcountriesofconcern.123MIDDLEEASTANDNORTHAFRICA.125Focus|Palestine(G

20、azaStrip).133Lebanon.136Palestine.137GazaStrip.137WestBank.137SyrianArabRepublic.138Yemen.139Refugeepopulations.140Additionalcountriesofconcern.141APPENDICES.1431|Trendgraphsshowingnumbersofpeoplebyphaseofacutefoodinsecurity.1442|Tableofacutefoodinsecurityestimates,20222024

21、.1543|Tableofforciblydisplacedpopulations.1584|Indicators.161TECHNICALNOTES.165BIBLIOGRAPHY.176CONTENTSFviiThisGlobalReportonFoodCrisesisarollcallofhumanfailings.Inaworldofplenty,childrenarestarvingtodeath.War,climatechaosandacost-of-livingcrisiscombinedwithina

22、dequateactionmeanthatalmost300millionpeoplefacedacutefoodcrisisin2023.Thenumberofpeopleonthebrinkoffaminerosetoover700000almostdoublethenumberof2022.Theconflictseruptingoverthepast12monthscompoundadireglobalsituation.TheGazaStriphasthehighestnumberofp

23、eoplefacingcatastrophichungereverrecordedbytheGlobalReportonFoodCrises,evenasblockedaidtruckslineupattheborder.ConflictintheSudanhascreatedtheworldslargestinternaldisplacementcrisis,withatrociousimpactsonhungerandnutrition,particularlyforwomenandchildren.Thi

24、scrisisdemandsanurgentresponse.Usingthedatainthisreporttotransformfoodsystemsandaddresstheunderlyingcausesoffoodinsecurityandmalnutritionwillbevital.Sowillfinance.Fundingisnotkeepingpacewithneed.Governmentsmustboosttheresourcesavailableforsustainabledevelop

25、mentbyputtingourproposalsforanSDGStimulusinsupportofdevelopingcountriesintoaction,andfullyfundinghumanitarianoperations.Humanitycanandmustdobetter.Together,withcommitmentandconcertedaction,wecancreateaworldwherehungerhasnohome.AntnioGuterresSecretary-Generalof

26、theUnitedNationsForewordUNPHOTO/MARKGARTENCONTENTSFixTheoverallshareoftheanalysedpopulationfacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecuritywasmarginallylowerthanin2022,butstillhigherthanpre-COVID-19.Nearly24Mmorepeoplefacedhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecuritythanin2022ex

27、plainedbyexpandedanalysiscoverageaswellasdeterioratingacutefoodinsecurityinsomecountries/territoriesoutweighingimprovementsinothers.Acutefoodinsecuritydeterioratedin12countrieswithcomparabledatabetween2022and2023,where13.5Mmorepeopleneededurgentassistance,mostlyin

28、theSudan.Foodsecurityimprovedin17countrieswithcomparabledatabetween2022and2023,resultingin7.2Mfewerpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity.Over36Mpeoplein39countries/territoriesfacedEmergency(IPC/CHPhase4),withmorethanathirdofthemintheSudanandAfghanistan.A

29、round165.5Mpeoplein41countries/territoriesfacedCrisis(IPC/CHPhase3).Around292Mpeoplein40countriesfacedStressed(IPC/CHPhase2).KeyfindingsDriversofacutefoodinsecurityDriversareinterlinkedandsuperimposedonstructuralvulnerabilitiesthatmakeitmoredifficulttorespondandre

30、coverfromashock.Conflict/insecuritywastheprimarydriverin20countries/territorieswith135Mpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity.Itwasthemaindriverinmostofthetenlargestfoodcrises(bynumberorshare).Weatherextremeswerethemaindriverfor18countrieswithover72M

31、peoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity.Manycountriesweregrapplingwithprolongedrecoveryfromdroughtorflooding.TheElNioeventandclimatechange-relatedweatherphenomenamade2023thehottestyearonrecord.Economicshockswerethemaindriverin21countrieswithover75Mpeople

32、facinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity.Decreasingglobalfoodpricesdidnottransmittolow-income,import-dependentcountries.Continuedhighpublicdebtlimitedgovernmentoptionstomitigatetheeffectsofhighprices.Bleakoutlookfor2024Conflict/insecurityespeciallyinPalestine(GazaStri

33、p),theSudanandHaitiwillcontinuetobethemaindriversofacutefoodinsecuritythroughout2024.WhileElNiopeakedinearly2024,itsfullimpactonfoodsecurityincludingfloodingandpoorrainsinpartsofEastAfrica,anddroughtinSouthernAfrica,especallyMalawi,ZambiaandZimbabwearelik

34、elytomanifestthroughouttheyear.SomeoftheimpactsofElNiomaybepositive,includingbetterharvestsinpartsofEastAfricaandLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Netfood-importing,low-incomecountries,especiallythosewithweakeningcurrencies,arestillgrapplingwithhighdomesticfoodprices

35、andweakhouseholdpurchasingpower.Decreasinghumanitarianfundingandincreasingcostsofdeliveryposeafurtherthreat,alreadyresultinginreducedbeneficiarynumbersandfoodassistancerationsamongmanyfood-insecurepopulations.In2023,281.6millionpeopleor21.5percentoftheanalysedp

36、opulationfacedhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin59food-crisiscountries/territories.Foodcrisesescalatedalarminglyinconflicthotspotsin2023notablyPalestine(GazaStrip)andtheSudan.TheGazaStripbecamethemostseverefoodcrisisinIPCandGRFChistory.Thenumberofforciblydispla

37、cedpeoplereached90Minthe59countries/territoriesthehighestineightyearsofGRFCreportingshowingthehighcorrelationbetweendisplacementandacutefoodinsecurity.TheSudanbecametheworldsbiggestinternaldisplacementcrisis.Bytheendof2023,almost80%ofthepopulationoftheGazaS

38、tripwasinternallydisplaced.Acutemalnutritionamongchildrenandwomencontinuedtodeteriorate,especiallyinconflict-affectedareas.In2023,over36Mchildrenunder5yearsoldwereacutelymalnourishedin32food-crisiscountrieswithdata,ofwhomnearly10Mhadsevereacutemalnutrition.Some60%

39、ofthesechildrenwereinthetenlargestfoodcrises.Datagapsremainaconcern.Whilefoodsecurityanalysesexpandedcoveragetoanadditional177.6Mpeople,particularlyinvulnerableareas,datagapsremainachallengewithpopulationsin14food-crisiscountriesnotaccountedforduetolackofda

40、taordatanotmeetingGRFCtechnicalrequirements.PopulationsprojectedtofaceCatastrophe(IPC/CHPhase5)About0.7Mpeople0.6MoftheminPalestine(GazaStrip)wereprojectedtofaceCatastrophe(IPC/CHPhase5)infivecountries/territoriesin2023.MorethanaquarterofthepopulationoftheGazaS

41、tripwereprojectedtobeinthisphasefromDecember2023toMarch2024,withtheriskofFamineincreasingeachdaythattheintenseconflictandrestrictedhumanitarianaccesspersisted.ByMarchJuly2024,overhalfthepopulationoftheGazaStrip(1.1Mpeople)wereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPC

42、Phase5),risingto70%innortherngovernorateswhereFaminewasimminent.BurkinaFaso,Somalia,SouthSudanandMalialsohadpopulationsfacingcatastrophiclevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin2023.CONTENTSFx3RPRegionalRefugeeandResiliencePlanACAPSAssessmentCapacitiesProjectACLEDArmedCon

43、flictLocationandEventDataProjectALGLiptakoGourmaAuthority(AutoritdeDveloppementIntgrdelaRgionduLiptakoGourma)AMNAcutemalnutritionAMLAfricanmigratorylocustsARIAcuterespiratoryinfectionASALAridandsemi-aridlandsASAPAnomalyHotspotsofAgriculturalProductionAWDAcute

44、waterydiarrhoeaBAYBorno,AdamawaandYobestates(Nigeria)CADCCentralAmericaDryCorridorCARIConsolidatedApproachtoReportingIndicatorsofFoodSecurityCDCCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCEPALUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanCFSCommitteeo

45、nWorldFoodSecurityCHCadreHarmonisCILSSPermanentInterstateCommitteeforDroughtControlCONASURConseilNationaldeSecoursdUrgenceetdeRhabilitation(NationalEmergencyResponseandRehabilitationCouncil),BurkinaFasoCOVID-19Coronavirusdisease2019CPIConsumerPriceIndexDEVCOInt

46、ernationalCooperationandDevelopmentoftheEuropeanCommissionDGPCDirectionGnraledelaProtectionCivile(Haiti)DHSDemographicandHealthSurveyDRCDanishRefugeeCouncilDRPIADirectionRgionaledelaProtectionIndustrielleetAnimalireDTMDisplacementTrackingMatrixECHOEuropeanCivil

47、ProtectionandHumanitarianAidOperationsoftheEuropeanCommissionEC-JRCEuropeanCommissionJointResearchCentreECLACUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanECOWASEconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates(CommunautconomiquedestatsdelAfriquedelOuest(CEDE

48、AO)EFSAEmergencyFoodSecurityAssessmentENCOVIEncuestaNacionaldeCondicionesdeVidaEIUEconomistIntelligenceUnitENAEssentialNeedsAssessmentE-VACEmergencyVulnerabilityAssessmentCommitteeFAOFoodandAgricultureOrganizationFAO-GIEWSFAOGlobalInformationandEarlyWarningSystem

49、onFoodandAgricultureFCSFoodConsumptionScoreFCTFederalCapitalTerritoryFEWSNETFamineEarlyWarningSystemsNetworkFSCFoodSecurityClusterFIESFoodInsecurityExperienceScaleFSINFoodSecurityInformationNetworkFSNAUFoodSecurityandNutritionAssessmentUnitFSNMSFoodSecurity

50、andNutritionMonitoringSystemFSNWGFoodSecurityandNutritionWorkingGroupGAMGlobalacutemalnutritionGDPGrossdomesticproductGFAGeneralfoodassistancegFSCGlobalFoodSecurityClusterGHOGlobalHumanitarianOverviewGNAFCGlobalNetworkAgainstFoodCrisesGNCGlobalNutritionCluste

51、rGRFCGlobalReportonFoodCrisesHDIHumanitarianDevelopmentIndexHIV/AIDSHumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfection/acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromeHLPEHighLevelPanelofExpertsHNAPHumanitarianNeedsAssessmentProgrammeHNOHumanitarianNeedsOverviewHRPHumanitarianResponsePlanIASC

52、Inter-agencyStandingCommitteeICRCInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossIDMCInternalDisplacementMonitoringCentreIDPInternallydisplacedpersonsIFADInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentIFPRIInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstituteIFRCInternationalFederationoftheRe

53、dCrossIGADIntergovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment(inEasternAfrica)ILOInternationalLabourOrganizationIMFInternationalMonetaryFundINFORMIndexforRiskManagementINGDNationalInstituteforDisasterManagement(Mozambique)IOMInternationalOrganizationforMigrationIPCIntegratedFood

54、SecurityPhaseClassificationIPCFRCIntegratedFoodSecurityPhaseClassificationFamineReviewCommitteeIRGInternationallyrecognisedgovernmentISCGInterSectorCoordinationGroup(Bangladesh)IYCFInfantandyoungchildfeedingJMEJointMalnutritionEstimatesJMPJointMonitoringProgrammeJRP

55、JointResponsePlanLGALocalgovernmentareaMADMinimumAcceptableDietMAMModerateacutemalnutritionMCNAMulti-ClusterNeedsAssessmentMDDMinimumDietaryDiversityMENAMiddleEastandNorthAfricaMFBMinimumFoodBasketMICSMultipleIndicatorClusterSurveyMoHMinistryofHealthMPIMul

56、tidimensionalpovertyindexMUACMid-upperarmcircumferenceNFSSNutritionandFoodSecuritySurveillanceNGCANon-Government-ControlledArea(Ukraine)NNSNationalNutritionSurveyNRCNorwegianRefugeeCouncilOASOrganizationofAmericanStatesOCHAUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHu

57、manitarianAffairsOECDOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOHCHROfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRightsOIPOtherpeopleinneedofinternationalprotectionPCBSPalestinianCentralBureauofStatisticsPDMPost-distributionmonitoringPiNPeopleinNeed

58、PBWPregnantandbreastfeedingwomenR-ARCSSRevitalizedAgreementontheResolutionoftheConflictintheRepublicofSouthSudanREVARefugeeinfluxEmergencyVulnerabilityAssessmentRMRPRefugeeandMigrantResponsePlanRPCAFoodCrisisPreventionNetwork(RseaudePrventiondesCrisesAlimenta

59、ires)RRMRapidResponseMechanism(Yemen)SADCSouthernAfricanDevelopmentCommunitySAMSevereacutemalnutritionSBASanaa-basedAuthority(Yemen)SDGSustainableDevelopmentGoalSEFSECSocio-Economic&FoodSecuritySurvey(Palestine)SENSStandardisedExpandedNutritionSurveySFSASeasonalFoodSecur

60、ityAssessmentSICASistemadelaIntegracinCentroamericanaSISAAPSystmedInformationsurelaScuritAlimentaireetdAlertePrcoceSMARTStandardizedMonitoringandAssessmentofReliefandTransitionsSMEBSurvivalMinimumExpenditureBasketSNNPEthiopianSouthernNations,Nationalities,andPeopl

61、esRegionSOFITheStateofFoodSecurityandNutritionintheWorldTWGTechnicalWorkingGroupUBOSUgandaBureauofStatisticsUEMOAUnionconomiqueetmontaireouest-africaineUNUnitedNationsUNAMAUnitedNationsAssistanceMissioninAfghanistanUNHCRUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefu

62、geesUNICEFUnitedNationsChildrensFundUNRWAUNReliefandWorksAgencyforPalestineRefugeesintheNearEastUSAIDUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopmentUSDUnitedStatesdollarVACVulnerabilityAssessmentCommitteeVASyRVulnerabilityAssessmentofSyrianRefugeesinLebanonWAS

63、HWater,sanitationandhygieneWBWorldBankWFPWorldFoodProgrammeWHOWorldHealthOrganizationWoAAWholeofAfghanistanAssessmentZimVACZimbabweVulnerabilityAssessmentCommitteeAcronymsCONTENTSFxiAcutelyfood-insecurepeopleThenumberofpeopleinStressedorworse(IPC/CHPhase2orabove

64、)areconsidered“acutely”foodinsecure.ThoseinCrisisorworse(IPC/CHPhase3orabove)requireurgentactiontodecreasefoodgapsandprotectandsavelivesandlivelihoods.ThismightnotnecessarilyreflectthefullpopulationinneedassomehouseholdsmayonlybeclassifiedinIPC/CHPhase1or2bec

65、ausetheyreceiveassistanceandneedcontinuedaction.Inmanycountries,thenumberinCrisisorworse(IPC/CHPhase3orabove)referstopopulationsinneedofactionfurthertothatalreadytaken.AcutefoodinsecurityAcutefoodinsecurityisanymanifestationoffoodinsecurityataspecificpointin

66、timethatisofaseveritythatthreatenslives,livelihoodsorboth,regardlessofthecauses,contextorduration.Theseacutestatesarehighlysusceptibletochangeandcanmanifestinapopulationwithinashortamountoftime,asaresultofsuddenchangesorshocksthatnegativelyimpactthedete

67、rminantsoffoodinsecurityandmalnutrition(IPC,2019).Transitoryfoodinsecurityisashort-termortemporaryinabilitytomeetfoodconsumptionrequirementsrelatedtosporadiccrises,indicatingacapacitytorecover.Asylum-seekersAsylum-seekerisageneraltermforanypersonwhoisseekinginter

68、nationalprotection.Insomecountries,itisusedasalegaltermreferringtoapersonwhohasappliedforrefugeestatusoracomplementaryinternationalprotectionstatusandhasnotyetreceivedafinaldecisionontheirclaim.Itcanalsorefertoapersonwhohasnotyetsubmittedanapplication

69、butmayintendtodoso,ormaybeinneedofinternationalprotection.Noteveryasylum-seekerwillultimatelyberecognizedasarefugee,buteveryrefugeeisinitiallyanasylum-seeker.ChronicfoodinsecurityChronicfoodinsecurityreferstofoodinsecuritythatpersistsovertime,largelyduetostr

70、ucturalcauses.Thedefinitionincludesseasonalfoodinsecuritythatoccursduringperiodswithnon-exceptionalconditions.Chronicfoodinsecurityhasrelevanceinprovidingstrategicguidancetoactionsthatfocusonthemedium-andlong-termimprovementofthequalityandquantityoffoodconsumpti

71、onforanactiveandhealthylife(FAOetal.,2021).FAOdefinesthisas“undernourishment”anditisthebasisforSDGindicator2.1.1publishedintheSOFIreport.Moderatechronicfoodinsecurityreferstothelevelofseverityoffoodinsecurity,basedontheFoodInsecurityExperienceScale(FIES),inw

72、hichpeoplefaceuncertaintiesabouttheirabilitytoobtainfoodandhavebeenforcedtoreduce,attimesduringtheyear,thequalityand/orquantityoffoodtheyconsumeduetolackofmoneyorotherresources.Itthusreferstoalackofconsistentaccesstofood,whichdiminishesdietaryquality,di

73、sruptsnormaleatingpatterns,andcanhavenegativeconsequencesfornutrition,healthandwellbeing.Severefoodinsecurityreferstothelevelofseverityoffoodinsecurityinwhichpeoplehavelikelyrunoutoffood,experiencedhungerand,atthemostextreme,gonefordayswithouteating,puttingth

74、eirhealthandwell-beingatgraverisk,basedontheFIES(FAOetal.,2021).AccordingtotheSOFIreport,between691and783millionpeopleintheworldfacedhungerin2022or122millionmorepeoplethanin2019,beforetheglobalpandemic.Theprevalenceofmoderateorseverefoodinsecurityattheglo

75、ballevel(SDGIndicator2.1.2)remainedunchangedforthesecondyearinarowafterincreasingsharplyfrom2019to2020.About29.6percentoftheglobalpopulation2.4billionpeopleweremoderatelyorseverelyfoodinsecurein2022,ofwhichabout900million(11.3percentofpeopleintheworld)weresev

76、erelyfoodinsecure.CopingstrategiesActivitiestowhichpeopleresortinordertoobtainfood,incomeand/orotheressentialgoodsorserviceswhentheirnormalmeansoflivelihoodhavebeendisruptedorothershocks/hazardsaffecttheiraccesstobasicneeds.ExportprohibitionsandrestrictionsMeas

77、uresthathavealimitingeffectonthequantityoramountofaproductbeingexported.Theycantaketheformofataxoraquantitativerestriction.Thelatterisgenerallyprohibitedwithsomeexceptions,notablythoseappliedtopreventorrelievecriticalshortageoffoodstuffs.GlossaryFamineAnIP

78、C/CHareaclassificationandisthehighestphaseoftheIPCacutefoodinsecurityscale.Itsuggeststhatstarvation,death,destitutionandExtremelyCriticallevelsofacutemalnutritionareorwilllikelybeevident.AFamineclassificationisattributedwhenatleast20percentofhouseholdsinag

79、ivenareafaceanextremelackoffood,atleast30percentofchildrenaresufferingfromacutemalnutrition,andtwopeopleorfourchildrenforevery10000aredyingeachdayduetooutrightstarvationortotheinteractionofmalnutritionanddisease(IPC,March2024).FoodaccessAccessbyhousehold

80、s/individualstoadequateresourcesforacquiringappropriatefoodsforanutritiousdiet.FoodavailabilityTheavailabilityofenoughfoodofappropriatequality,suppliedthroughdomesticproductionorimports.FoodcrisisTheGRFCdefinesafoodcrisisasasituationwhereacutefoodinsecurityrequi

81、resurgentactiontoprotectandsavelivesandlivelihoodsatlocalornationallevelsandexceedsthelocalresourcesandcapacitiestorespond.Foodcrisesaremorelikelyamongpopulationsalreadysufferingfromprolongedfoodinsecurityandmalnutrition,andinareaswherestructuralfactorsincr

82、easetheirvulnerabilitytoshocks.Theycanoccuranywhereandcanhaveglobalramifications.Forinstance,thewarinUkrainealsohasfoodsecurityimpactsoutsideitsownborderssincethecountryisamajorfoodexporter.Furthermore,thecapacityofgovernmentstorespondcaninfluencethemagnitud

83、eandseverityoffoodcrises.FoodinflationMonthlyfoodinflation,asmeasuredbyapriceindex,reflectstheyear-on-yearpercentagechangeinthecostofpurchasingabasketofcommonlyconsumedfooditems(WFP).FoodsecurityThisexistswhenallpeople,atalltimes,havephysical,socialandeconomic

84、accesstosufficient,safeandnutritiousfoodthatmeetstheirdietaryneedsandfoodpreferencesforanactiveandhealthylife(HLPE,2020).Forpeopletobefoodsecure,foodmustbebothconsistentlyavailableandaccessibleinsufficientquantitiesandCONTENTSFxiidiversity,andhouseholdsmustbe

85、abletoutilize(store,cook,prepareandshare)thefoodinawaythathasapositivenutritionalimpact.ForceddisplacementForceddisplacementisthemovementofpeoplewhohavebeenobligedtoleavetheirhomes,particularlytoavoidtheeffectsofarmedconflict,generalizedviolence,violationsofhu

86、manrightsornaturalorhuman-madedisasters.Displacementisoftenaside-effectofconflict,foodinsecurityandweathershocks.HighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityThisreferstopopulationsinCrisisorworse(Phase3orabove)accordingtotheIPC/CHclassificationormoderateandsevereacutefoodi

87、nsecuritycategoriesinCARI,andHNO/HRPfoodsecurityPeopleinNeed(PiN)numberasanapproximationofIPC/CHPhase3orabove.Thesearethepopulationswhofacehighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityandareinneedofurgentassistance.Humanitarian,DevelopmentandPeace(HDP)NexusReferstotheinterli

88、nkingofeffortsbyhumanitarian,developmentandpeaceactors.Thisapproachadvocatesforimprovedcoordinationbetweenactorsandalignmentaroundcommongoalstoaddresscrises,foodsecurityandovercomeconflict.INFORMTheINFORMRiskIndexisaglobal,open-sourceriskassessmentforhumanitarian

89、crisesanddisasters.Itcansupportdecisionsaboutprevention,preparednessandresponse.Internallydisplacedpersons(IDPs)IDPsarethoseforcedtofleetheirhomesasaresultoforinordertoavoidtheeffectsofarmedconflict,situationsofgeneralizedviolence,violationsofhumanrights,ornatu

90、ralorhuman-madedisasters,andwhohavenotcrossedaninternationalborder.InternationalRecommendationsonInternallyDisplacedPersonsStatistics(IRIS)Internationallyagreedframeworkforcountriesandinternationalorganizationstoimproveproduction,coordinationanddisseminationofhigh-quali

91、tyofficialstatisticsonIDPsthatareconsistentovertimeandcomparablebetweenregionsandcountries.LeanseasonTheperiodoftheyearwhenfoodaccessismostdifficultandfoodpricesaretypicallyattheirhighest.Ittypicallycorrespondswithatimeofreducedfoodstorespriortoharvesta

92、fterthepreviousharvesthasbeenexhausted.Itoccursatdifferenttimesoftheyearindifferentlocations,dependingonlocalclimateconditionsandagriculturalpractices.LivelihoodsPeoplescapabilities,assetsbothmaterialandsocialandactivitiesrequiredforameansoflivinglinkedtosurviv

93、alandfuturewell-beingandthepoliciesandinstitutionsthatshapeorconstrainaccesstoassetsandchoicesaboutactivities.MagnitudeMagnitudereferstothetotalnumberofpeopleexperiencingacutefoodinsecurityinareferencepopulation.MajorfoodcrisisAfoodcrisisisdefinedas“major”if

94、morethan1millionpeopleormorethan20percentofthetotalcountrypopulationisestimatedtobefacingIPC/CHPhase3oraboveorequivalent,orifatleastoneareaisclassifiedinEmergency(IPC/CHPhase4)orabove,orifthecountryisincludedintheIASChumanitariansystem-wideemergencyrespon

96、yreferstoundernutrition.Undernutritionisaconsequenceofinadequatenutrientintakeand/orabsorption,and/orillnessordisease.Acutemalnutrition(wasting,thinnessand/orbilateralpittingoedema),stunting,underweight(acompositeofstuntingandwasting)andmicronutrientdeficiencies(e.g.defici

97、enciesinvitaminA,iron)areallformsofundernutrition.Malnutritionhasimmediateandlong-reachingconsequences,includingstuntingchildrensgrowth,increasingsusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfections,andcontributingto45percentofdeathsamongchildrenunder5yearsold(WHO).Thedeterminantsof

98、malnutritionalsoincludeinadequateaccesstohealthcare,poorwaterandsanitationservices,andinappropriatechild-feedingandcarepractices,asdescribedintheUNICEFframework.MigrantsAccordingtoIOM,“migrant”isanumbrellaterm,notdefinedunderinternationallaw,reflectingthecommonlayund

99、erstandingofapersonwhomovesawayfromtheirplaceofusualresidence,whetherwithinacountryoracrossaninternationalborder,temporarilyorpermanently,andforavarietyofreasons.Thetermincludesanumberofwell-definedlegalcategoriesofpeople,suchasmigrantworkers;personswhosepar

100、ticulartypesofmovementsarelegallydefined,suchassmuggledmigrants;aswellasthosewhosestatusormeansofmovementarenotspecificallydefinedunderinternationallaw,suchasinternationalstudents.Amigrantwiththeintentiontosettleissomeonewhohasreachedafinaldestinationcountr

101、y,wheretheywishtoremainpermanently.Anin-transitmigrantissomeonewhoistemporarilystayinginoneormorecountrieswiththeobjectiveofreachingafurtherandfinaldestinationcountry.Apendularmigrantissomeonewhoregularlycommutesortravelsbetweentheircountryofresidenceanda

102、nothercountry,typicallyforworkoreconomicreasons.Thesemigrantsoftenmaintainapatternofback-and-forthmovement,crossinginternationalbordersfrequentlybutwithoutnecessarilyestablishingpermanentresidenceinthedestinationcountry.NutritionalstatusThephysiologicalstateofanindiv

103、idualthatresultsfromtherelationshipbetweennutrientintakeandrequirementsandthebodysabilitytodigest,absorbandusethesenutrients.NutritiousfoodsSafefoodsthatcontributeessentialnutrients,includingcarbohydrates,lipids,vitamins,proteins(macronutrients)andminerals(micronutrients)

104、,fibreandothercomponentstohealthydietsthatarebeneficialforgrowth,andhealthanddevelopment,guardingagainstmalnutrition.Otherpeopleinneedofinternationalprotection(OIPs)Otherpeopleinneedofinternationalprotectionreferstopeoplewhoareoutsidetheircountryorterritoryofo

105、rigin,typicallybecausetheyhavebeenforciblydisplacedacrossinternationalborders,whohavenotbeenreportedunderothercategories(asylum-seekers,refugees,peopleinrefugee-likesituations)butwholikelyneedinternationalprotection,includingprotectionagainstforcedreturn,aswellasaccess

106、tobasicservicesonatemporaryorlonger-termbasis.Theterminologywasfirstintroducedinmid-2022reportingbyUNHCR.CONTENTSFxiiiPastoralistsPastoralistsarepeoplewhoseprimarymeansoflivelihoodinvolvesraisinglivestock,suchascattle,sheep,goats,camelsoryaks.Thesecommunitiestyp

107、icallyrelyonanimalhusbandryastheirmainsourceofsustenanceandoftenleadanomadicorsemi-nomadiclifestyle,movingtheirherdsseasonallyinsearchofwaterandpasture.Peakperiod/numberTheGRFCreportsontheperiodwiththehighestnumberofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsec

108、urityintheyearinquestionasreportedbyendorsedsources.Itdoesnotnecessarilyreflectthelatestanalysisavailable,anditoften,butnotalways,coincideswiththeleanseason.PeopleinNeed(PiN)PeopleinNeed,usedinHNOs,isbasedonanalysisthatestimateswhoneedsassistance,regardlessof

109、whetherornotassistanceisalreadyprovided.TherearemultisectoralandsectoralPiN.TheGRFConlycontainsthesectoralPiNspecifictopeoplewhoareestimatedtobehighlyacutelyfoodinsecure.PrevalencePrevalencereferstotheproportionorpercentageofapopulationthatexhibitsaparticul

110、archaracteristicorconditionataspecificpointintimeoroveraspecifiedperiod.Inthecontextoffoodinsecurityand/ormalnutrition,prevalenceindicatestheextentofthefoodinsecurityorwastingconditionwithinagivencountryorpopulationgroup.Itiscalculatedbydividingthenumbero

111、findividualswiththecharacteristicorconditionofinterestbythetotalreferencepopulation,expressedasapercentageorarate.PrimarydriverAlthoughacknowledgingthatdriversareofteninterlinkedandmutuallyreinforcing,theGRFCidentifiestheprimarydriverasthemostprominenttrigger

112、ofacutefoodinsecurityforeachcountry/territoryintermsofnumberofpeopleaffected.Thistermisusedinterchangeablywith“mostsignificantdriver”intheGRFC.ProtractedfoodcrisisAfoodcrisisisdefinedas“protracted”ifincludedassuchinalleighteditionsoftheGRFC.Ifthefoodcrisis

113、metthecriteriatobedefinedasa“major”foodcrisisinalleditionsthenitisdefinedasa“protractedmajor”foodcrisis.RefugeesRefugeesarepersonsoutsidetheircountriesoforiginwhoareinneedofinternationalprotectionbecauseoffearedpersecution,oraseriousthreattotheirlife,physic

114、alintegrityorfreedomintheircountryoforiginasaresultofpersecution,armedconflict,violenceorseriouspublicdisorder.TheInternationalRecommendationonRefugeeStatisticsprovidesastatisticaldefinitionofrefugees.RemittancesThetermreferstothetransferofmoneyorresourcesbymi

115、grantstotheirfamiliesorcommunitiesintheircountriesoforigin.Thesetransfersaretypicallysentbymigrantswhohavemovedtoanothercountryforemploymentorotherreasons,andtheyserveasanessentialsourceoffinancialsupportfortheirfamiliesbackhome.ResilienceThecapacitytoabso

116、rb,preparefor,andpreventhumanitariandisasters,crisesandlong-termstresses.Italsocontributestotheadaptationandtransformationoflivelihoodsandfoodsystems,progressingalongapathwayoutoftheprotractedcrisissituation.StatelesspersonsSomeonewhodoesnothaveanationality.Somepe

117、oplearebornstateless,butothersbecomestatelessduetoavarietyofreasons,includingsovereign,legal,technicaloradministrativedecisionsoroversights.TheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsunderlinesthat“Everyonehastherighttoanationality”(UNGA,1948,article15).SurvivalMinimumExpe

118、nditureBasket(SMEB)WhiletheMEBisdefinedastheminimumamountofmoneythatahouseholdrequirestomeettheiressentialneeds,onaregularorseasonalbasis,atitsaveragecost,theSMEBistheabsoluteminimumamountrequiredtocoverlife-savingneeds,whichcouldinvolvethedeprivationofce

120、ndrivenbytheneedtofindsuitablegrazingareasandwatersourcesforlivestock,whichmayvarywithchangingseasons.VulnerabilityReferstotheconditionsdeterminedbyphysical,social,economicandenvironmentalfactorsorprocessesthatincreasethesusceptibilityofanindividual,community,ass

121、etsorsystemstotheimpactsofhazards.Vulnerabilitytofoodinsecurityistherangeofconditionsthatincreasesthesusceptibilityofahouseholdtotheimpactonfoodsecurityincaseofashockorhazard.AcutemalnutritionPregnantandbreastfeedingwomenMapdisclaimerTheboundariesandnamess

122、hownandthedesignationsusedonallthemapsinthisdocumentdonotimplyofficialendorsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNations.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeen

123、agreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.FinalstatusoftheAbyeiareaisnotyetdetermined.AdisputeexistsbetweenthegovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

124、concerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).Acutelyfood-insecurepeopleMajorfoodcrisisConflict/insecurityInfectiousdiseasesWeatherextremes/droughtWeatherextremes/floodingInadequatehealthandnutritionservicesFoodinsecurity/lackoffoodInadequatematernalandchild-feedingpr

125、acticesNutritionEconomicshocksAgriculturalpestsLivestockDisplacementreturneesDisplacementrefugeesDisplacementIDPsKeytoiconsINTRODUCTIONWhatconstitutesafoodcrisisTheGRFCdefinesafoodcrisisasasituationwhereacutefoodinsecurityrequiresurgentactiontoprotectandsavelivesand

126、livelihoodsatlocalornationallevelsandexceedsthelocalresourcesandcapacitiestorespond.Foodsecurity(is)asituationthatexistswhenallpeople,atalltimes,havephysical,socialandeconomicaccesstosufficient,safeandnutritiousfoodthatmeetstheirdietaryneedsandfoodpreferences

127、foranactiveandhealthylife(HLPE,2020).Foodinsecurityariseswhenone,someorallofthesedimensionsavailability,access,utilisationandstabilityisdisrupted,whetherbyshocksorotherfactors.Itcanbechronic,whichiswhenfoodinsecuritypersistsovertime,largelyduetostructuralcauses

128、,oracute,whichmeansthatitoccursataspecificpointintimeandofaseveritythatthreatenslives,livelihoodsorboth,regardlessofthecauses,contextorduration.Chronicandacutefoodinsecurityareoverlappingconcepts(seebox,right).Foodcrisesaremorelikelyamongpopulationsalreadysuf

129、feringfromprolongedfoodinsecurityandmalnutrition,andinareaswherestructuralfactorsincreasetheirvulnerabilitytoshocks.Theycanoccuranywhereandhaveglobalramifications,suchasthecrisisinUkraineamajorfoodexporterthathashadrippleeffectsglobally.Thecapacityofgovernmen

130、tstorespondcaninfluencethemagnitudeandseverityoffoodcrisesinacountry/territory.Addressingtheinterconnectedrootcausesoffoodcrisesdemandscomprehensivestrategiesthatpromoteeconomicstability,climateresilienceandconflictprevention,aligningactivitieswiththeHumanitarian

131、DevelopmentPeaceNexus.IntroductionAcutefoodinsecurityreferstoasituationinwhichpopulationsfacefooddeprivationthatthreatenslivesorlivelihoods,regardlessofthecauses,contextorduration.Actionbecomesamatteroflifeordeathwhenthesituationisparticularlysevere,suchasinIP

132、C/CHPhase4or5.Chronicfoodinsecurityisdefinedasthepersistentorcyclicalinabilitytoconsumeadequatedietsforahealthyandactivelifeanditismainlyduetostructuralcauses(e.g.poverty,marginalization,lackofaccesstobasicservices).Theconceptsarethereforeinterlinkedandnotmut

133、uallyexclusive.Understandingtheiroverlapsandlinkagesisimportanttodevelopmoreintegratedandbettercoordinatedresponseplanning.Foodgapsandunsustainablecopingstrategiesdeserveequallyurgentactionwhethertheyaretransitoryorpersistent/seasonal.Acutefoodinsecurityanalysescon

134、sidertheindicatorsataspecificpointintime,butastheyarereplicatedatnear-regularintervalsitispossibletoidentifytheprotractednessorcyclicalnatureofacutefoodinsecurity.Oneofthemostcommonchronicfoodinsecurityformsfoundintheacuteanalysesarethecyclicalrecurring

135、hungerseasons.Inareaswherethereisahighrelianceonsubsistenceagricultureastheprincipallivelihood,foodreservesfromownproductionoftendonotlastuntilthefollowingharvestandhouseholdsmustrelyonmarketpurchasestocoverfoodneedsatatimewhenincome-generatingopportunitie

136、sarelimited,andfoodpricesreachaseasonalpeakduetoincreaseddemandandreducedlocalgrainsupplies.Householdsthatexperiencerecurrenthungerfaceadouble-edgedsword:ontheonehandtheyeatinadequatediets,whichpotentiallyimpactstheirlivesandlivelihoods,whileontheothertheya

137、reunabletobuildresilientlivelihoods,whichmakesthemmorevulnerabletofuturefoodcrises.Estimatesstatethataround310millionpeopleareemployedinagriculture,fishingandforestryacrossthe59GRFC2024countries/territorieswithdatameetingGRFCrequirements.Theyareatriskofentering

138、theviciouscycleofseasonalhunger(FAO,2023).Inanacutefoodinsecurityanalysis,peoplefacingCrisisorworse(IPC/CHPhase3orabove)orequivalentduringtheleanseason,evenundernon-exceptionalcircumstances,shouldnotonlybeassistedwiththeshort-termobjectivesofcoveringfoodgaps,buta

139、lsowiththemediumtolong-termobjectiveofaddressingtheunderlyingfactorsandimprovingthequalityandquantityoftheirfoodconsumption.TheUnitedNationsCommitteeonWorldFoodSecurity(CFS)categorizespossiblestructuralfactorsunderlyingchronicfoodinsecurityas:Governance,Economica

140、ndProductionissues,DemographicandSocialissues,andClimate/Environment.TheGRFCdoesnotprovideadetailedanalysisofthestructuralissuesthatdeterminechronicfoodinsecuritybutitdoesidentifywhicharetheimmediatedriversofthefoodcrisesandreportsonthemainstructuralvulnerab

141、ilityindicatorsavailableatcountrylevelineachoftheregionalchapters.Togetherthesetwopiecesofinformationoffervaluableinsightsforinformingbroaderinitiativesrelatedtoclimatechangeadaptation,conflictpreventionandresolution,economicdevelopment,andresilience.Persistentands

142、easonalacutefoodinsecurityasaformofchronicfoodinsecurityThefoundationoftheGRFC:anevidence-basedpublicgoodAstrongpartnershipAhighlyconsultativeprocessAcompilationofmultipleconsensus-basedfoodsecurityandnutritionanalysesAtechnicaldocumentofreferenceonfoodcrises

143、AboutthereportTheGlobalReportonFoodCrises2024providesanalysisandevidenceonacutefoodinsecurityandmalnutritionincountries/territoriesidentifiedasbeinginfoodcrisisin2023.Itisadocumentofreferencethatconsolidatesdatafromvarioussourcesusingrigorousmethodologiesan

144、datransparentandconsultativemulti-agencyprocess.ThepurposeoftheGRFCisto:provideconsensus-basedanalysisofcountries/territorieswithfoodcrisesforhumanitariananddevelopmentstakeholdersandpolicymakers;presentunderlyingandimmediatedriversofacutefoodinsecurityandmalnutri

145、tionandanalysetheevolutionoffoodcrisesforcountries/territoriesincludedinpasteditions;contributetomaintainingfoodsecurityandnutritionasprioritysectorsforpolicymakersanddonors;advocatefortimelyresponsestofoodcrises,offerinsightsintoimmediateandmedium-termrisksto

146、foodsecurityandnutritionstatusofpopulations.CONTENTSF1INTRODUCTIONTheGRFCisbasedonpartnership,consultationandconsensusTheproductionoftheGRFCiscoordinatedbytheFoodSecurityInformationNetwork(FSIN)insupportoftheGlobalNetworkAgainstFoodCrises(GNAFC).Itistheproduct

147、ofacollaborationamong16partnersconsistingofregionalintergovernmentalbodies,donors,technicalbodies,clustersandUnitedNationsagencies:Comitpermanentinter-tatdeluttecontrelascheresseauSahel(CILLS),theEuropeanUnion(EU),FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),FoodSecurityCluster(

148、FSC),GlobalNutritionCluster(GNC),IntergovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment(IGAD),InternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute(IFPRI),InternationalOrganizationforMigration(IOM),IntegratedFoodSecurityPhaseClassification(IPC),OfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs(OCHA),SouthernA

149、fricanDevelopmentCommunity(SADC),SistemadelaIntergracinCentroamericano(SICA),UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees(UNHCR),UnitedNationsChildrensFund(UNICEF),UnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)andtheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP).Theresultisanindependentrefere

150、ncedocumentpresentingaconsensus-drivenanalysisvalidatedandendorsedbyglobalandregionalexpertsinfoodsecurity,nutritionandforceddisplacement.All16partnersparticipateinthefollowing:TechnicalWorkingGroups(displacement,foodsecurity,nutrition)consistingoftechnicalexpertsfrom

151、partneragencieswhocontributedataandanalysis,participateinthereviewofcontentandmakerecommendationstotheSeniorCommitteeforendorsement.TheSeniorCommitteeconsistingofseniorrepresentativesfromeachpartneragencywhomakethefinaldecisiononcontentandcoordinateinstitution

152、alclearance.PRE-SELECTIONOFQUALIFYINGCOUNTRIES/TERRITORIESSELECTIONANDGROUPINGOFCOUNTRIES/TERRITORIESIDENTIFICATIONOFMAJOR/PROTRACTEDFOODCRISES46countries/territoriesthatrequiredexternalassistanceforfoodand/orfacedshocksasassessedbyFAO-GIEWSin20234additionalcountriestha

153、thadaHumanitarianResponsePlan(HRP)in202323additionallow-ormiddle-incomecountries/territorieswerenotselectedforanalysisbyFAO-GIEWS,butrequestedexternalassistanceasaresultof:hostingrefugeepopulationswhowereassistedbyUNHCRandWFPhavingover1millionoratleast20percent

154、ofitspopulationforciblydisplacedhavingpopulationsaffectedbyconflictandinsecurity,weatherextremesand/oreconomicshocksHigh-incomecountrieswereexcludedastheyweredeemedabletocopewithshockswithoutrequestingexternalassistanceoftheselectedcountries/territorieswereident

155、ifiedasmajorfoodcrisesin2023basedonmeetingoneormoreofthefollowingcriteria:atleast20percentofthecountrypopulationinCrisisorworse(IPC/CHPhase3orabove)orequivalentatleast1millionpeopleinCrisisorworse(IPC/CHPhase3orabove)orequivalentanyareainEmergency(IPC/CHP

156、hase4)oraboveincludedintheIASChumanitariansystem-wideemergencyresponselevel3oftheselectedcountries/territorieswereidentifiedasprotractedfoodcrisesin2023astheyrequiredemergencyassistanceandhadevidenceofpopulationsfacingacutefoodinsecurityinalleighteditionsoft

157、heGRFC.oftheselectedcountries/territorieswereidentifiedasprotractedmajorfoodcrisesin2023.food-crisiscountries/territoriesidentified7312314ofthe73countries/territoriesidentifiedhaddatagapsordidnotmeetGRFCpartnerstechnicalrequirementstoproduceestimatesofpeopleinCris

158、isorworse(IPC/CHPhase3orabove)orequivalent.Theremaining59food-crisiscountries/territorieshavedataavailableforQ42022and2023usingGRFC-acceptedmethodologies.Countries/territoriesaregroupedinto7regions:CentralandSouthernAfricaEastAfricaWestAfricaandtheSahel,andCameroonAsi

159、aEurope(Ukraine)LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanMiddleEastandNorthAfricacountries/territoriesidentified5944TheGRFCfollowstheprocessdefinedinthetablebelowtoidentifyfood-crisiscountries/territoriesthroughtheapplicationofmultiple,agreed-uponcriteriaestablishedbytheGRFCsTec

160、hnicalWorkingGroupandendorsedbyitsSeniorCommittee(seetable,below).Followingareviewoftheavailabledataandevidence,theGRFCTechnicalWorkingGroupsvalidateacutefoodinsecurityestimates,malnutritionindicatorsanddisplacementfiguresforfood-crisiscountries/territories.Endorseme

161、ntofdataisbasedontheirrelevancefortheCountry/territoryselectionandinclusiontimeframeofthereport,theirsourceandwhetherthemethodologymeetstheGRFCpartnerstechnicalrequirements,furtherdescribedintheTechnicalNotes.3619CONTENTSF2INTRODUCTION*AFamineclassificationrequir

162、esevidenceonfoodsecurity,nutritionandmortalityatoraboveIPCPhase5thresholds.Dependingonthequalityandquantityofevidenceavailable,FaminecanbeclassifiedasIPCPhase5(Famine)withsolidevidenceorasIPCPhase5(Famine)withreasonableevidence.IPC/CHacutefoodinsecurityphasedesc

163、riptionandresponseobjectivesPhasePhasedescriptionandpriorityresponseobjectivesPhase1None/MinimalHouseholdsareabletomeetessentialfoodandnon-foodneedswithoutengaginginatypicalandunsustainablestrategiestoaccessfoodandincome.Actionrequiredtobuildresilienceandfordisast

164、erriskreduction.Phase2StressedHouseholdshaveminimallyadequatefoodconsumptionbutareunabletoaffordsomeessentialnon-foodexpenditureswithoutengaginginstress-copingstrategies.Actionrequiredfordisasterriskreductionandtoprotectlivelihoods.Phase3CrisisHouseholdseither:havefo

165、odconsumptiongapsthatarereflectedbyhighorabove-usualacutemalnutrition;oraremarginallyabletomeetminimumfoodneedsbutonlybydepletingessentiallivelihoodassetsorthroughcrisis-copingstrategies.URGENTACTIONrequiredtoprotectlivelihoodsandreducefoodconsumptiongaps.Phas

166、e4EmergencyHouseholdseither:havelargefoodconsumptiongapswhicharereflectedinveryhighacutemalnutritionandexcessmortality;orareabletomitigatelargefoodconsumptiongapsbutonlybyemployingemergencylivelihoodstrategiesandassetliquidation.URGENTACTIONrequiredtosavelives

167、andlivelihoods.Phase5Catastrophe/FamineHouseholdshaveanextremelackoffoodand/orcannotmeetotherbasicneedsevenafterfullemploymentofcopingstrategies.Starvation,death,destitutionandextremelycriticalacutemalnutritionlevelsareevident.(ForFamineclassification,areaneedstohav

168、eextremecriticallevelsofacutemalnutritionandmortality.)*URGENTACTIONrequiredtorevert/preventwidespreaddeathandtotalcollapseoflivelihoods.MethodologyataglanceDatasourcesAcutefoodinsecuritydataThemaindatasourcesforacutefoodinsecurityaretheIntegratedFoodSecurityP

169、haseClassification(IPC)andtheCadreHarmonis(CH).Thesearemultistakeholder,consensus-basedprocessesthatresultinaclassificationofthemagnitudeandseverityofacutefoodinsecuritybasedonaconvergenceofevidenceandthatarecomparableacrosscountries.Forcountrieswheretheseanalyses

170、arenotavailable,acutefoodinsecurityestimatesarederivedfromIPC-compatibleFamineEarlyWarningSystemsNetwork(FEWSNET)analyses,orcategorizationofWFPsConsolidatedApproachtoReportingIndicatorsofFoodInsecurity(CARI),wherepopulationsthatfacemoderateacutefoodinsecurityandsev

171、ereacutefoodinsecurityasperthismethodologyarereportedasanapproximationtopopulationsfacingIPC/CHPhase3orabove.Thenumberofpeopleinneed(PiN)forthefoodsecuritysectorprovidedbyOCHAassessments(HNO/HRP)canalsobeusedasaproxyforhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity(seeT

172、echnicalNotes).Projectiondatafor2024IPC,CHandFEWSNETmethodologiesprojecttheacutefoodinsecuritysituationbasedonthemostlikelyscenariobydevelopingassumptionsontheevolutionoffoodsecuritydriversandtheirimpactsonfoodsecurityoutcomes.AlldatapresentedintheGRFC2024ar

173、ethelatestavailableasof7January2024,withtheexceptionoftheoff-cycleanalysesofPalestine(GazaStrip)andHaiti.MalnutritiondataAcutemalnutritionburdenestimatesarecollectedfromIPCacutemalnutritionanalyses,HNOsandestimatesbyUNICEFandWFP.Acutemalnutritionprevalencedataa

174、recollectedfromStandardizedMonitoringandAssessmentofReliefandTransitions(SMART)surveys,DemographicandHealthSurveys(DHS),ornationalnutritionsurveys.DisplacementdataPopulationstatisticsonforciblydisplacedpopulationsprimarilycomefromtheUNHCRthroughnowcastingfiguresforthe

175、endoftheyear2023,andoninternallydisplacedpersonsthroughtheIOM,theInternalDisplacementMonitoringCentre(IDMC)andgovernmentsdata,basedonfiguresavailableasofFebruary2024.PeakestimatesTheGRFC2024reportsthehighest(orpeak)estimatesofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefood

176、insecurity,malnutritionanddisplacementin2023.Inthreecases(migrantsinColombiaandEcuador,andrefugeesinCongo),acutefoodinsecuritydatafromthesecondhalfof2022arestilldeemedrelevantfor2023becausemorerecentdataarenotavailable.Asacutefoodinsecuritycanbeseasonalorthe

177、consequenceofashock,thepeakfiguremaynotreflectthesituationthroughouttheyearinthatcountryandcanbebasedonaprojection.Whentheanalysisspanstwocalendaryears,thepeakestimatemaystraddlelate2022andearly2023,orlate2023andearly2024.DatagapsSomefood-crisiscountries

178、arenotanalysedintheGRFC2024becausetheyfacedatagaps,suchastheDemocraticPeoplesRepublicofKoreaandEritrea,ordonothavedatathatmeetGRFCtechnicalrequirementsorlackpartnerconsensus.Datagapscanbedrivenbylackofprocessestosystematicallycollectinformation,lackoffun

179、dingtoconductassessments,aswellaslackofaccessduetoinsecurity.Countriesthatarenotanalysedarediscussedattheendofeachregionalchapter.Acutefoodinsecurityinupper-middle-incomecountriesSevencountries/territoriesintheGRFC2024wereclassifiedbytheWorldBankasupper-midd

180、le-income,buttheirpopulationscanstillexperiencechronicand/oracutefoodinsecurity.Thesecountries/territoriesweremainlyinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(Colombia,DominicanRepublic,ElSalvador,GuatemalaandPeru)butalsoincludedNamibiaand,untilrecentevents,Palestine.Thesecountries/t

181、erritoriespresentverydifferentcontextswherelevelsofincomearehigherandlivingstandardsandlivelihoodsaredifferent,includingthestrategiesadoptedbyhouseholdstocopewithfoodinsecurity.ColombialacksanIPCanalysisandconcernsregardingtheapproximationofCARIlevels3and4t

182、oIPCPhase3oraboveinthesecontextsresultedinthereportingofonlythemostseverecategoryofCARIlevel4acutefoodinsecurityforresidentpopulations.Since2016,insecurityhasledtointernaldisplacementwhich,whencombinedwithaninfluxofmigrantsfromneighbouringcountries,hasres

183、ultedinpocketsofthepopulationfacingacutefoodinsecurity.CONTENTSF3INTRODUCTIONBOLIVIA(PlurinationalStateof)HAITIDOMINICANREPUBLICGUATEMALAELSALVADORNICARAGUAECUADORPERUCOLOMBIAHONDURASERITREADJIBOUTIMALINIGERCHADSUDANSOUTHSUDANCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICLIBYAALGERIANIGERIAEGYPTBANGLADESHI

184、RAN(ISLAMICREPUBLICOF)PAKISTANTAJIKISTANKYRGYZSTANAFGHANISTANUKRAINETRKIYEREPUBLICOFMOLDOVAARMENIAIRAQJORDANSYRIANARABREPUBLICPALESTINELEBANONYEMENSOMALIAETHIOPIAUGANDARWANDABURUNDIUNITEDREPUBLICOFTANZANIAKENYAMADAGASCARMALAWIMOZAMBIQUELESOTHONAMIBIAANGOLAZIMBABWEZAMBIACONGOCAMEROONESWATINI

185、MAURITANIASENEGALGUINEASIERRALEONELIBERIATOGOBENINGHANACTEDIVOIREBURKINAFASODEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOSRILANKAMYANMARDEMOCRATICPEOPLESREPUBLICOFKOREALAOPEOPLESDEMOCRATICREPUBLICmap0.1Food-crisiscountries/territoriesincludedintheGRFC2024Source:GRFCFoodSecurityTWG,2024.Refu

186、geepopulations(colourcodingaslegend)Loworupper/lower-middle-incomecountries/territoriesnotselectedforanalysisbyFAO-GIEWS,butwhoeither:requestedexternalassistanceinresponsetoexperiencingashockorshockstofoodsecurityfromconflict/insecurity,weatherextremesand/oreconomic

187、shocks;hadaninfluxofrefugees;orhadover1millionor20percentofthecountrypopulationforciblydisplaced.Countries/territoriesthatrequiredexternalassistanceforfoodand/orfacedshocksasassessedbyFAO-GIEWSin2023.CountriesthathadaHumanitarianAppeal/HumanitarianResponsePlan(

188、HRP).VANUATUTheboundariesandnamesshownandthedesignationsusedonthismapdonotimplyofficialendorsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNations.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmir

189、hasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.CONTENTSF4CHAPTER1WFP/EULALIABERLANGAOver281.6millionpeopleinthe59countries/territorieswithdatameetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsfaced

190、highlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin2023.Thisfifthconsecutiveannualincreaseismostlyattributedtoexpandedanalysiscoverage.At21.5percent,theprevalencewasmarginallylower.Amongcountrieswithcomparabledatabetween2022and2023,thesituationworsenedin12,drivenbyconflict/insecuri

191、ty,weatherextremesand/oreconomicshocks,butitimprovedin17.EscalatingconflictsinPalestine(GazaStrip)andtheSudandroveextraordinarilyhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity.TheGazaStripbecamethemostseverefoodcrisisinIPChistory.Thirty-sixcountries/territoriesareconsideredprot

192、ractedfoodcrisesintheGRFC,havingbeenincludedinalleighteditions.Amongthem,19areprotractedmajorfoodcrisesandaccountedforupto80percentofthetotalpopulationfacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityacrossfood-crisiscountries/territorieseachyear.Globaloverviewoffoodcri

193、sesCHAPTER1|AGLOBALOVERVIEWOFFOODCRISESBOLIVIA(PLURINATIONALSTATEOF)DEMOCRATICPEOPLESREPUBLICOFKOREADEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOLAOPEOPLESDEMOCRATICREPUBLICCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICUNITEDREPUBLICOFTANZANIAREPUBLICOFMOLDOVASYRIANARABREPUBLICDOMINICANREPUBLICBURKINAFASOCTEDIVOIREMAD

194、AGASCARSOUTHSUDANAFGHANISTANMOZAMBIQUEBANGLADESHSIERRALEONEELSALVADORKYRGYZSTANGUATEMALAMAURITANIANICARAGUACAMEROONHONDURASWESTBANKGAZASTRIPCOLOMBIAZIMBABWEMYANMARTAJIKISTANSRILANKAECUADORLEBANONPAKISTANARMENIAESWATINISOMALIALESOTHOSENEGALBURUNDIUGANDAETHIOPIADJIBOUTIANGOLAUKRAINENAMIBIAMALAWIE

195、RITREANIGERIACONGOZAMBIAGUINEASUDANLIBERIAYEMENKENYANIGERBENINCHADTOGOPERULIBYAHAITIMALIIRAN(ISLAMICREPUBLICOF)EGYPTARABREPUBLICRWANDAJORDANALGERIATRKIYEGHANAIRAQAcutefoodinsecurityoverview,20232024map1.1Whywereanadditional23.8millionpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecuritybe

196、tween2022and2023IncreaseduetogreateranalysiscoverageandcountryinclusionIn14countries,therewasasignificantchangeingeographicalcoverage.FiveadditionalcountriesincludedintheGRFC2024werenotinGRFC2023.Ontheotherhand,fourthatwereinGRFC2023arenotinGRFC2024.Thepopul

197、ationanalysedincreasedfrom1.1billionin2022to1.3billionin2023.Overall,changingcoverageexplainsanetincreaseof17.5millionpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity(seeTechnicalNotesforcomparabilityissues).Source:GRFCFoodSecurityTWG,2024.Indicatesmigrants/refugeepopula

198、tions(colourcodingasthiskey)CountrynotselectedforanalysisDatagap/datanotmeetingGRFCtechnicalrequirements1%to14.99%15%-1%to-14.99%-15%1%change/samepeakfor2022and2023PercentagechangeinnumberofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityIncreaseincoverage/newcountriesDe

199、creaseincoverage/changeinmethodology281.6Mpeople,or21.5%oftheanalysedpopulation,facedhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin59countries/territorieswithdatameetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsin2023.Theshareofanalysedpopulationfacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecuritywasmargin

200、allylowerthanin2022,whenitwas22.7percent.However,thenumberofpeopleaffectedincreasedby24millionsince2022,markingthefifthconsecutiveyearofrisingnumbers.Thisyear-on-yearincreaseismainlyexplainedbyincreasedanalysiscoverage,aswellasdeteriorationinsomecountries/terri

201、toriesoutweighingimprovementsinothers.TheSudanfacedthebiggestdeteriorationduetothedevastatingimpactsoftheconflictsinceApril2023,withanadditional8.6millionpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecuritybringingthetotalto20.3million.Ithadthehighestnumberofpeoplei

202、ntheworldfacingEmergency(IPCPhase4)levelsofacutefoodinsecurity.TheescalationofhostilitiesinPalestine(GazaStrip)inlate2023createdthemostseverefoodcrisisinIPCandGRFChistorywiththeentirepopulationof2.2millionpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity,including

203、26percentinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)fromDecember2023toFebruary2024.AnIPCanalysispublishedinMarch2024warnedofafurtherdevastatingdeterioration,withFamineimminentbetweenMarchandMay2024inthenortherngovernoratesofGazaandNorthGazaandariskofFamineacrosstherestofthe

204、GazaStrip.Halfofthepopulation(about1.1millionpeople)wereestimatedtobeexperiencingcatastrophicacutefoodinsecurity(IPCPhase5)(IPCGlobalInitiative,December2023andMarch2024).Improvementsin17countriesIn17ofthe36countrieswithcomparableyear-on-yeardata,therewerenotableimpro

205、vementssince2022.Thisresultedin7.2millionfewerpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityinthesecountries.Non-comparabledataduetoIncreaseduetodeteriorationsin12countriesIn12ofthe36countrieswithcomparableyear-on-yeardata,therewerenotabledeteriorationssince2022due

206、toconflict/insecurity,weatherextremesoreconomicshocks,oracombinationoftheseshocks.Thisresultedinanadditional13.5millionpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityinthesecountries.Theboundariesandnamesshownandthedesignationsusedonthismapdonotimplyofficialendo

207、rsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNations.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublic

208、ofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.VANUATUCONTENTSF6CHAPTER1|AGLOBALOVERVIEWOFFOODCRISES165.40.736.5Highacutefoodinsecurity281.6Mpeople202.6MinIPC/CHPhase3orabove202.633.944.50.6Source:FSIN,GRFC2024.HNOFEWSNETWFPCARIIPC/CH3-Crisis5-Catastrophe4-Emergencyfig.1.1Population

209、facinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin2023(millions)Severityofacutefoodinsecurity,2023Outof281.6millionpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity,203millionwerein41countries/territorieswithIPC/CHanalysesandhaddatadisaggregatedbyphase.Around79millionwerein18co

210、untrieswithFEWSNET,HNOorWFPCARIdatawithnophasedisaggregation.Over705000peopleinfivecountrieswereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPC/CHPhase5)in2023thehighestnumberinGRFCreportingandalmostdoublethatof2022Inthisphaseofacutefoodinsecurity,peoplearefacingextremela

211、ckoffoodandexhaustionofcopingcapacitiesleadingtostarvation,acutemalnutritionanddeath.Theyrequireurgentactiontoavoidmorewidespreadextremeoutcomes.Famine(IPC/CHPhase5)categorizesanareaevidencingcriticallevelsofacutefoodinsecurity,acutemalnutritionandmortalityratesa

212、boveagiventhreshold.WhilenoareawasclassifiedinFaminein2023,therewasatangibleriskofFamineinPalestine(GazaStrip)(IPC,December2023).Around0.6millionpeoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)inPalestine(GazaStrip)Aquarter(26percent)ofthepopulationoftheGazaStrip

213、,correspondingto576600people,wereestimatedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)betweenearlyDecember2023andearlyFebruary2024duetointensehostilities,sharplyreducedaccesstofood,basicservicesandlife-savingassistance,andtheextremeconcentrationorisolationofpeopleininadequateshelt

214、ersorareaswithoutbasicservices.Thisisthehighestshareofpopulationinthisphaseinanycountry/territoryinIPChistory.AsoflateDecember2023,theriskofFaminewasexpectedtoincreaseforeachdaythatintenseconflictandrestrictedhumanitarianaccesspersistedorworsened(IPC,Decem

215、ber2023).Around43000peoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)inSouthSudanInJongleiandUnitystates,43000peoplewereestimatedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)duringtheAprilJuly2023leanseason(IPC,November2022).Forthesameleanperiodof2024,thenumberwasprojectedtoincreas

216、eto79000,ofwhom28000wereSouthSudanesereturneesfromtheSudanwhofacedeconomicdestitution(IPC,November2023).Source:IPCTWGs,2023;IPCGlobalInitiative,2023;CH,2023.fig.1.2Countries/territorieswithpopulationsprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPC/CHPhase5)in20232500404004270043000576

217、600MALISOMALIABURKINAFASOSOUTHSUDANPALESTINE(GAZASTRIP)FamineimminentinPalestine(GazaStrip)inMarchMay2024AnIPCanalysisreleasedon18March2024warnedoffurtherdeteriorationintheGazaStripscatastrophicfoodcrisis,drivenbyrelentlesshostilities,besiegement,massdisplacement,destru

218、ctionofinfrastructureindispensabletosurvival,andseverelyrestrictedhumanitarianaccess.SincetheIPCanalysisofDecember2023,theconditionsnecessarytopreventFamineanimmediatecessationofhostilitiesandsustainedaccesstoessentialsuppliesandservicesforthepopulationhavenotb

219、eenmet.Faminewasprojectedtooccuranytimebetweenmid-MarchandMay2024inthegovernoratesofGazaandNorthGazawheretheFaminethresholdforacutefoodinsecurityhasalreadybeenfarexceededandthesteeplyincreasingtrendinmalnutritiondataindicatesthatitishighlylikelythatthe

220、Faminethresholdforacutemalnutritionhasalsobeenexceeded.Theupwardtrendinnon-traumamortalityisalsoexpectedtoaccelerate,resultinginallfaminethresholdslikelytobepassedimminently.ThroughJuly2024,theentirepopulationintheGazaStrip(2.2million)arefacinghighlevelsofacut

221、efoodinsecurity.Halfofthepopulation(about1.1millionpeople)areexpectedtoexperiencecatastrophiclevelsofacutefoodinsecurity(IPCPhase5),anincreaseof530000sincetheDecember2023February2024period.Forthenortherngovernorates,theshareofpopulationinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)increas

222、edfrom30percentto70percent.WhilethegovernoratesofDeiral-Balah,KhanYounisandRafahwerestillclassifiedinIPCPhase4,inaworst-casescenario,theseareasfaceariskofFaminethroughJuly2024(IPCGlobalInitiative,March2024).Early2024analysesandalertsraiseconcernsBYMETHODOLOGYB

223、YIPC/CHPHASEInHaiti,nearly5millionpeopleorhalfthepopulationfacehighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityfromMarchtoJune2024,astarkincreasesincetheAugust2023projection.Some1.6millionpeoplefaceEmergency(IPCPhase4),reflectingthesurgeinarmedgangviolenceseverelylimitingmove

224、mentofgoodsandpeople,causinginternaldisplacementanddrivingupfoodprices.IntheArtibonitevalleythecountrysbreadbasketarmedgroupshavetakenoverfarmlandandstolenharvestedcrops.AlsoofconcernaretheWestdepartment,ruralpartsofGrandAnseintheSouth,andpoorpartsofthecap

225、ital,includingCitSoleilwherepocketsofthepopulationfacedCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)inlate2022(IPC,March2024).IntheSudan,theescalationofconflictandviolence,especiallyincentral,southernandwesternregions,isexpectedtoexacerbateacutefoodinsecurityandmalnutrition,accordingtoa

226、MarchIPCalert.Khartoum,Gezira,GreaterDarfurandGreaterKordofanareatriskofcatastrophicoutcomesintheabsenceofacessationofhostilitiesandsignificanthumanitarianassistance.Immediateactionisneededtopreventfamineduringtheupcoming2024leanseason(IPC,March2024).InWestAfrica

227、andtheSahel,thelateMarchCHanalysesprojectedaworryingriseinhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityinChad,Guinea,Mali,Mauritania,theNiger,NigeriaandSierraLeone,drivenbypersistentlyhighfoodpricesandconflictdisruptionstomarketsandlivelihoods.About2500peoplewereprojected

228、tofaceCatastrophe(CHPhase5)inMali(CH,March2024).TheFSINCILSSRegionalReporttobepublishedinJune2024willincludethisdata.InSouthernAfrica,ElNio-drivendroughtconditionsledMalawi,ZambiaandZimbabwetodeclarenationaldisastersinFebruary/March2024duetotheimpactoncroppr

229、oduction.CONTENTSF7CHAPTER1|AGLOBALOVERVIEWOFFOODCRISESAround42700peoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)inBurkinaFasoInJuneAugust2023,around42700peoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(CHPhase5)intheregionsofBoucleduMouhounand,mostly,theSahelduetotheinte

230、nsityofconflictsthatimpededtheproperfunctioningofmarketsandleftpopulationsundersiege,severelyconstrainingpopulationmovements,accesstofieldsandthedeliveryofhumanitarianassistance(CH,March2023).Over40300peoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)inSomaliaOver403

231、00peoplewereprojectedtofaceCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)inAprilJune2023amongIDPsinMogadishu,BaidoaandBurhakabaduetothelingeringimpactsofdrought,breakdownoflivelihoods,impactofhighfoodpricesandprotractedconflict(IPC,April2023).However,thisisasignificantdecreasefrom214000p

232、eoplein2022,attributabletothepositiveimpactofthe2023Gurainsandsustainedhumanitarianassistance(IPC,September2022).Inthelastquarterof2023,nopopulationswereestimatedinIPCPhase5despitelargenumbersremaininginIPCPhase4(IPC,February2024).Around2500peoplewereprojectedto

233、beinCatastrophe(CHPhase5)inMaliAnestimated2500peoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(CHPhase5)overtheJuneAugustperiodinMnakaasconflictimpededagriculturalandmarketactivitieswhilealsohinderingthemovementofpopulationsandthedeliveryofhumanitarianaid.About37percento

234、ftheaffectedpopulationwereIDPs(CH,March2023).UpdateoncountrieswithrecentpopulationsinCatastrophe(IPC/CHPhase5)InAfghanistanandNigeria,peoplepreviouslyfoundtobeinCatastrophe(IPC/CHPhase5)in2022werenolongerfacingthesesevereconditionsin2023.InHaiti,thepopulationproje

235、ctedinthisphaseinCitSoleilinSeptember2022February2023nolongerfacedtheseconditionsfortheremainderof2023.TherewasnoIPCanalysisforEthiopia,butFEWSNETdeclaredthat,intheaftermathofthe20202023droughtandthe20202022conflict,somehouseholdswerefacingCatastrophe(IPCPhase

236、5)insouthern,southeasternandnorthernareas,especiallybeforethestartoftheMeherharvestinSeptemberandDeyrrainyseasoninOctober(FEWSNET,August2023).TherewasincreasingconcernforlocalizedareasofTigrayandAmharawheretheMeherharvestfailedandhouseholdshadlimitedfoodstock

237、s(FEWSNET,January2024).Disaggregateddatawerenotavailablein2023forYemenwhere31000peoplewereprojectedtobeinCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)duringthefirstmonthsof2022.Over36millionpeoplein39countries/territoriesexperiencedEmergency(IPC/CHPhase4)in2023Emergency(IPC/CHPhase4)isane

238、xtremelyseveresituationwhereurgentactionisneededtosavelivesandlivelihoods.Householdsfacelargefoodgaps,whichareeitherreflectedinhighacutemalnutritionlevelsandexcessmortalityormitigatedbyuseofemergencycopingstrategies,whichmayentailhouseholdssellingtheirlastbr

239、eedinganimalortheirlandorhouse.Amongthe39countries/territorieswithpopulationsinthisphase,28arecomparablebetween2022and2023(seeTechnicalNotes,page165).The4percentincreaseinthetotalnumberofpeoplefacingIPC/CHPhase4between2022and2023islargelyduetotheincreaseinsever

240、ityintheSudancrisisinthemidstofdeterioratingconflictfig.1.3Countries/territorieswithover1millionpeopleinEmergency(IPC/CHPhase4),20231.1M1.2M1.2M1.4M1.8M1.9M2.2M2.2M2.9M3.4M6.1M6.3MNIGERIAPALESTINE(GAZASTRIP)KENYAMYANMARHAITISOMALIAPAKISTANBANGLADESHSOUTHSUDANDEMOCRAT

241、ICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOAFGHANISTANSUDAN(withanadditional3.2millionpeopleinthisphase).Morethanathirdofthe36.4millionpeopleinIPC/CHPhase4wereintwocountriesalone:AfghanistanandtheSudan(seefigure1.3).Palestine(GazaStrip)hadbyfarthehighestshareofitspopulation(53percent

242、)inIPCPhase4,followedbySouthSudan(23percent)andHaiti(18percent).Morethan10percentofthepopulationofAfghanistan,CentralAfricanRepublic,SomaliaandtheSudanwereinthisphase.Over165millionpeoplein41countries/territoriesexperiencedCrisis(IPC/CHPhase3)in2023PopulationsinCrisis

243、(IPC/CHPhase3)eitherfacefoodconsumptionshortfallsormakethechoicetoprotectfoodconsumptionbyengagingincopingstrategiesthatwillharmtheirabilitytoaccessfoodandsustaintheirlivelihoodsinthefuture.In2023,165.5millionpeoplefacedCrisis(IPC/CHPhase3).At18percent,theshar

244、eoftheanalysedpopulationinthisphasewasonaparwith2022.DemocraticRepublicoftheCongoandNigeriaeachhadmorethan20millionpeopleinthisphase,whileAfghanistan,Bangladesh,Myanmar,PakistanandtheSudaneachhadover9million.Morethan30percentofthepopulationofAfghanistan,Cen

245、tralAfricanRepublic,Haiti,Lebanon,MadagascarandSouthSudanwereinIPCPhase3.Almost292millionpeoplein40countriesexperiencedStressed(IPC/CHPhase2)in20231PopulationsinStressed(IPC/CHPhase2)haveminimallyadequatedietsbutresorttocopingstrategiestoaffordnon-foodneeds.Theyarev

246、ulnerabletoshocksandrequiresupporttoreducerisksrelatedtodisastersandtoprotecttheirlivelihoods.Thirty-fiveoutofthe40countrieshadmorethan20percentoftheiranalysedpopulationinthisphase.Theprevalencereached45percentinDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.InBurundi,Liberia

247、andSenegal,thesignificantincreaseinthenumberofpeopleinthisphasecoincidedwithadecreaseinpeopleinMinimal(IPC/CHPhase1),suggestingadeteriorationinfoodsecurity.InEswatiniandNamibia,theincreaseinthenumberofpeopleinthisphasemirroredadecreaseinthenumberofpeople

248、facinghigherlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity,suggestinganimprovementinfoodsecurity.1Thenumberofcountrieswithdatainthisphaseis40(not41)becauseElSalvadorisnotincludedamongthecountrieswithpopulationsinIPCPhase2sinceIPCPhases1and2aremerged.Source:IPCTWGs,2023;Myanmar

249、pre-analysisconductedundertheHNRP;IPCGlobalInitiative2023;CH2023.CONTENTSF8CHAPTER1|AGLOBALOVERVIEWOFFOODCRISESMajorfoodcrisesin2023Ofthe59countries/territoriesmeetingGRFCtechnicalrequirements,44wereidentifiedasmajorfoodcrises.Majorfoodcriseshavemorethan1million

250、peopleor20percentoftheirtotalpopulationfacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity(IPC/CHPhase3orabove),anareaclassifiedinEmergency(IPC/CHPhase4)orabove,orwereincludedintheInterAgencyStandingCommitteehumanitariansystem-wideemergencyresponseLevel3.Thenumberofmajorfood

251、crisesintheGRFChasalmostdoubledsincethefirstGRFCeditionin2017.Nineteencountriesareclassifiedasprotractedmajorfoodcrises,havingbeenclassifiedasmajorfoodcrisesinalleighteditions(refertoTechnicalNotesforfulllist).Ofthese19,Afghanistan,DemocraticRepublicoftheC

252、ongo,Ethiopia,Nigeria,theSyrianArabRepublicandYemenhavebeenamongthetenlargestfoodcrisesintermsofnumbersofpeoplefacinghighacutefoodinsecurityinalleditionsoftheGRFC.Colombia(residents),Congo(residents),CtedIvoireandSenegalbecamemajorfoodcrisesforthefirsttimein

253、theGRFC2024eitherbecausedatabecamenewlyavailable(CongoandColombiaresidents)orlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityincreasedtotheextentthattheymettheinclusionthresholds(CtedIvoireandSenegal).MauritaniaandGuinea,whichweremajorfoodcrisesintheGRFC2023,werenolongersointhe

254、GRFC2024astheirsituationsimproved.BOLIVIA(PLURINATIONALSTATEOF)DEMOCRATICPEOPLESREPUBLICOFKOREADEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOLAOPEOPLESDEMOCRATICREPUBLICCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICUNITEDREPUBLICOFTANZANIAREPUBLICOFMOLDOVASYRIANARABREPUBLICDOMINICANREPUBLICBURKINAFASOCTEDIVOIREMADAGASCA

255、RSOUTHSUDANAFGHANISTANMOZAMBIQUEBANGLADESHSIERRALEONEELSALVADORKYRGYZSTANGUATEMALAMAURITANIACAMEROONNICARAGUAHONDURASWESTBANKGAZASTRIPCOLOMBIAMYANMARZIMBABWETAJIKISTANSRILANKAECUADORLEBANONPAKISTANARMENIAESWATINISOMALIALESOTHOSENEGALBURUNDIETHIOPIAUGANDADJIBOUTIANGOLAUKRAINENAMIBIAMALAWIERITREA

256、NIGERIACONGOZAMBIAGUINEASUDANLIBERIAYEMENKENYANIGERBENINCHADTOGOPERULIBYAHAITIMALIIRAN(ISLAMICREPUBLICOF)EGYPTARABREPUBLICRWANDAJORDANALGERIATRKIYEGHANAIRAQmap1.2Numbersofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin59food-crisiscountries/territories,202315million34.9million59.9mil

257、lionDatagapCountrynotselectedforanalysisMigrants/refugeepopulations(colourcodingasthiskey)DatanotmeetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsSource:GRFCFoodSecurityTWG,2024.TenlargestfoodcrisesbynumberofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityAround176millionpeopleor62.5pe

258、rcentofthetotalnumberofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin59countries/territorieswereintenfoodcrises,eachwithmorethan10millionacutelyfood-insecurepeopleneedingurgenthumanitarianassistance(seefigure1.4).Thelistofthetenlargestfoodcriseshaschangedlit

259、tlesincetheGRFC2023.Bangladeshislistedforthefirsttimeduetoincreasedanalysiscoverage.Ukrainewasamongthetenlargestfoodcrisesin2022,butnotin2023.fig.1.4Countries/territorieswiththelargestnumberofpeoplefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity,202310.7M11.8M11.9M12.9

260、M18.0M19.7M19.9M20.3M24.9M25.8MMYANMARPAKISTANBANGLADESHSYRIANARABREPUBLICYEMENETHIOPIAAFGHANISTANSUDANNIGERIADEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOSources:IPCTWGs(Bangladesh,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Pakistan,Sudan);CH(Nigeria);FEWSNET(Ethiopia,Yemen);HNO(Afghanistan,SyrianArabRepublic);pre-a

261、nalysisconductedundertheHNRP,asabasisforgeneratingresultsforthe2024projectionusedbytheMyanmarHNRP2024(Myanmar).TheboundariesandnamesshownandthedesignationsusedonthismapdonotimplyofficialendorsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNations.Dottedlinerepresentsapproxima

262、telytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.VANUATUNIGERIAETHIOPIACONTENTSF

263、9CHAPTER1|AGLOBALOVERVIEWOFFOODCRISESBOLIVIA(PLURINATIONALSTATEOF)DEMOCRATICPEOPLESREPUBLICOFKOREADEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOLAOPEOPLESDEMOCRATICREPUBLICCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLICUNITEDREPUBLICOFTANZANIAREPUBLICOFMOLDOVASYRIANARABREPUBLICDOMINICANREPUBLICBURKINAFASOCTEDIVOIREMADAG

264、ASCARSOUTHSUDANAFGHANISTANMOZAMBIQUEBANGLADESHSIERRALEONEELSALVADORKYRGYZSTANGUATEMALAMAURITANIANICARAGUACAMEROONHONDURASWESTBANKGAZASTRIPCOLOMBIAMYANMARZIMBABWETAJIKISTANSRILANKAECUADORLEBANONPAKISTANARMENIAESWATINISOMALIALESOTHOSENEGALBURUNDIUGANDAETHIOPIADJIBOUTIANGOLAUKRAINENAMIBIAMALAWIERI

265、TREANIGERIACONGOZAMBIAGUINEASUDANLIBERIAYEMENKENYABENINNIGERCHADTOGOPERULIBYAHAITIMALIIRAN(ISLAMICREPUBLICOF)EGYPTARABREPUBLICRWANDAJORDANALGERIATRKIYEGHANAIRAQmap1.3Shareofanalysedpopulationfacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityin59countries/territories,2023Countrynotselectedfor

266、analysisDatagapIndicatesmigrants/refugeepopulations(colourcodingasthiskey)DatanotmeetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsSource:GRFCFoodSecurityTWG,2024.30percent)duetothemulti-seasondrought.InYemen,wherethecoverageofthe2023IPCAMNanalysiswasreducedduetoconflict-relatedaccess

267、constraints,areasclassifiedinExtremelyCritical(IPCAMNPhase5)in2022werenotanalysedin2023.Fifteenofthe18countriesAfghanistan,CentralAfricanRepublic,Chad,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Djibouti,Kenya,Mali,Mozambique,theNiger,northernNigeria,Pakistan,Somalia,SouthSudan,UgandaandY

268、emenallhadareasclassifiedinCritical(IPCAMNPhase4)(1530percentofchildrenwithacutemalnutrition).InonlythreecountrieswasSerious(IPCAMNPhase3)themostsevereclassification:BurkinaFaso,wheretheanalysisdidnotcovernorthernareasseverelyaffectedbyconflict,Burundi,andsouthern

269、andsoutheasternMadagascar.Accordingtoothernutritionsourcesonoutcomelevels,theprevalenceofacutemalnutritionforchildrenunder5yearsoldwasconcerninginseveralcountries.InEthiopia,SMARTsurveysconductedinAugust2023inruralareasandIDPsitesacrosstheTigrayregionindicated

270、aVeryHigh/Criticalprevalenceofacutemalnutrition,withthehighestprevalenceamongIDPs(26.5percent).Some61percentofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomenweresufferingfromacutemalnutrition(MUAC23cm),indicatinganExtremelyCriticalsituation(SMART,August2023).IntheSudan,beforetheescalati

271、onofconflictinApril2023,64localitieshadaVeryHighacutemalnutritionprevalenceof15percentormore,includingfivelocalitieswithlevelsover30percent.*Thesefiguresarenotbasedoncountry-wideanalysiscoverage.Source:HNO/HRP;IPCTWGs(Afghanistan,Chad,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,N

272、igeriaandSouthSudan).fig.1.17Thetenfoodcriseswiththehighestnumberofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomenwithacutemalnutrition,2023(millions)0.3M0.4M0.5M0.5M0.6M0.8M0.9M0.9M1.0M2.2MCHADSOMALIA*HAITISYRIANARABREPUBLICNIGERIA*AFGHANISTANSOUTHSUDANSUDANETHIOPIADEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECO

273、NGO*IntheSyrianArabRepublic,itvariedregionally,withtheNorthwestandpartsofDamascusat5percent(consideredLow/Medium),whilesomenortheasternareasreached12percent,surpassingtheWHOHighthreshold.SMARTsurveysalsoindicatedprevalenceabovetheWHOVeryHighthresholdof15percentin

274、partsofMauritania.InHaiti,theSevereAcuteMalnutrition(SAM)prevalencewasestimatedat2.1percent,reachingahighlyconcerning3percentinPort-au-Princesmetropolitanarea.fig.1.18UNICEFsconceptualframeworkOutcomesforchildrenandwomenMATERNALANDCHILDNUTRITIONImprovedsurvival,health,ph

275、ysicalgrowth,cognitivedevelopment,schoolreadinessandschoolperformanceinchildrenandadolescents;improvedsurvival,health,productivityandwagesinwomenandadults;andimprovedprosperityandcohesioninsocietiesImmediatedeterminantsUnderlyingdeterminantsEnablingdeterminantsDIETSGooddiet

276、s,drivenbyadequatefoodanddietarypracticesforchildrenandwomenCAREGoodcare,drivenbyadequateservicesandpracticesforchildrenandwomenRESOURCESSufcientresourcesincludingenvironmental,financial,socialandhumanresourcestoenablechildrensandwomensrighttonutritionNORMSPositive

277、socialandculturalnormsandactionstoenablechildrensandwomensrighttonutritionFOODAge-appropriate,nutrient-richfoodsincludingbreastmilkinearlychildhoodwithsafeandpalatabledrinkingwaterandhouseholdfoodsecurityPRACTICESAge-appropriatefeedinganddietarypracticesfromearly

278、childhood,withadequatefoodpreparation,foodconsumptionandhygienepracticesSERVICESAdequatenutrition,health,education,sanitationandsocialprotectionservices,withhealthyfoodenvironmentsthatsupportgooddietsGOVERNANCEGoodgovernanceincludingpolitical,financial,socialandpublicandpri

279、vatesectoractionstoenablechildrensandwomensrighttonutritionSource:UNICEF,2021.CONTENTSF17Spotlight|DisplacementWFP/ARETE/ABOODALSAYDAvailabledataonacutefoodinsecurityandmalnutritionondisplacedpopulationspaintadirepicture.Thesituationwilllikelycontinuetodeteriorate

280、in2024withoutconcertedactionamonggovernmentsandtheinternationalcommunitytomeetfundingrequirementsasconflict,andeconomicandclimateshocksdriveincreaseddisplacement.Failingtomeetglobalburden-sharingcommitmentscanincreaseprotectionrisksfordisplacedpeople,driveengagemen

281、tinharmfulcopingstrategies,triggerfurtherdisplacementandamplifyacutefoodinsecurity.Whiletoolsareevolvingtosupportrobust,disaggregatedandsystematicdatacollectionandanalysisondisplacedpopulations,moreworkneedstobedonetoharmonizeindicatorsandmethodsofanalysis.Thev

282、ulnerabilitiesfacedbydisplacedpopulationsprotectionrisks,limitedaccesstoemployment,livelihoods,foodandshelter,andrelianceondwindlinghumanitarianassistanceneedtobecapturedinfoodsecurityandnutritionanalyses.Spotlight|DisplacementCHAPTER1|SPOTLIGHTONDISPLACEMENTSpotlight|Di

283、splacementNew,escalatingandprotractedconflicts,extremeclimaticeventsandeconomicshocksresultedinanotheryearofincreasingnumbersofpeopleforcedtofleetheirhomesin2023.In59food-crisiscountries/territories,thenumberofdisplacedpeoplereached90.2million.1ThisSpotlightaimsto

284、highlightthelinkbetweenacutefoodinsecurityanddisplacedpopulationsinfood-crisiscontextsgloballyandthroughfourcountry-levelcasestudies,twocoveringinternallydisplacedpopulations(IDPs)andtworefugeepopulations.1Globallytherewere110millionforciblydisplacedpeoplebytheen

285、dof2022(UNHCRMid-YearTrends,October2023).MostforciblydisplacedpeopleremainintheircountryoforiginasIDPsMostdisplacedpeopleinthe59food-crisiscountries/territorieswithdatameetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsweredisplacedinternally,amountingto64.3millionIDPs(IOM,2023).Ther

286、emaining26millionfledacrossinternationalborders,mainlytoneighbouringcountries,andresideasrefugees,asylum-seekersorothersinneedofinternationalprotection(UNHCRNowcastedestimate,December2023;UNRWA,2023).RapidlyincreasingnumbersofdisplacedpeopleinlastdecadeConflictinmanyo

287、fthe59food-crisiscountries/territoriesincludingAfghanistan,BurkinaFaso,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Ethiopia,Palestine,Nigeria,Somalia,theSudan,theSyrianArabRepublic,UkraineandYemenhascontributedtorapidlyincreasingnumbersofdisplacedpeopleoverthelasttenyears.Climatedisa

288、stersincountriessuchasEthiopia,Kenya,Malawi,Pakistan,SomaliaandSouthSudan,andeconomichardshipincludingincountriesofSouthAmerica,havealsobeencontributingfactors.Refugeeflowsintofood-crisiscountriesoverthelastdecadereachedover3millionin2017(when0.8millionrefugeesent

289、eredTrkiyeand0.7millionRohingyarefugeesenteredBangladesh)andin2018largelyduetomigrantsenteringColombia,EcuadorandPeru.Lowernumberswereobservedduring2020and2021whenCOVID-19movementrestrictionswereinplace.Highernumbersin2013and2014werelargelydrivenbytheconflictint

291、umberswereintheSudanfollowedbyDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Palestine(GazaStrip),SomaliaandMyanmar(UNHCRMid-YearTrends,October2023;IDMC,2024).WhodothenumbersinthisSpotlightrefertoThefiguresinthisSpotlightrefertopeoplewhohavebeenforciblydisplacedbytheendof202

292、3.Forceddisplacementisinvoluntaryorcoercedmovementofpeopleawayfromtheirhomeorhomeregionasaresultofortoavoidtheeffectsofeventsorsituationssuchasarmedconflict,generalizedviolence,humanrightsabuses,ornaturalorhuman-madedisasters(UNHCR).Thedataincluderefugees(un

293、derUNHCRsandUNRWAsmandate);asylum-seekers;internallydisplacedpersons(IDPs);and“otherpeopleinneedofinternationalprotection”(OIPs),acategoryintroducedbyUNHCRinmid-2022torefertopeopleforciblydisplacedoutsidetheircountryorterritoryoforiginincludingforeconomicreasons.Thi

294、sSpotlightusestheterm“displacedpopulations”tocoverallthesepopulationgroups.fig.1.19Numberofforciblydisplacedpeoplein59food-crisiscountries/territories,202390.2Mdisplacedpeople64.3MIDPsin38countries/territories26.0Mrefugeesandasylum-seekersin56countriesSources:IOM,2023;UNHC

295、RNowcastedestimateDecember2023;UNRWA,2023.02040608010020132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Thedatainthisfigurerefertothe59foodcriseswithdatameetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsfor2023.Sources:20132022,UNHCR,IDMC,UNRWA;2023,UNHCRnowcastedestimate,December2023,IOM,UNRWA.fig.

296、1.21Number(millions)ofdisplacedpeoplein59food-crisiscountries/territories,20132023TheSudanbecamethelargestinternaldisplacementcrisisintheworldin2023withmillionsofpeopleinternallydisplacedbetweentheonsetofhostilitiesinAprilandtheendoftheyear,bringingthetotalnumbe

297、rofIDPstoover9million(IOM,January2024).InPalestine,theGazaStripsaw85percentofitspopulationor1.9millionpeopledisplacedbetweenearlyOctoberandDecember2023,somemultipletimes(UNRWA,January2024).DisplacementandfoodcrisesarelinkedandmutuallyreinforcingDisaggregateddatar

298、evealthathighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityandmalnutritionareparticularlyprevalentindisplacedcommunities.Thisislinkedtoinsecurityandprotectionrisks,limitedaccesstoemploymentandlivelihoodopportunities,unreliableaccesstofoodandshelter,andrelianceondwindlinghumanitaria

299、nassistancetomeettheirbasicneeds.Failingtoaddressthesevulnerabilitiescandriveuseofharmfulcopingstrategies,leadingtofurtherdisplacementandamplifyingacutefoodinsecurity(seeboxonpage20).2.7M2.9M1.9M1.7M3.1M3.2M1.6M0.8M1.2M1.6M2013201420152016201720182019202020212022Thedata

300、inthisfigurerefertothe59foodcriseswithdatameetingGRFCtechnicalrequirementsfor2023.Source:UNHCR.fig.1.20Newrefugee,migrantandasylum-seekerflowsin59food-crisiscountries,20132022MILLIONSCONTENTSF19CHAPTER1|SPOTLIGHTONDISPLACEMENTIDPpopulationsareexperiencingdirefoodin

301、securityandmalnutritionlevelsAlthoughfoodsecuritydataspecificallyonIDPpopulationsarefairlyscant,thedataintheGRFC2024revealastronglinkbetweeninternaldisplacementandhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity.InPalestine(GazaStrip),where7585percentofthepopulationaredisplaced

302、(UNRWA,JanuaryIDPsinthetenfood-crisiscountriesthathadatleast2millionIDPsin2023.Inmostcountries,risinglevelsofacutefoodinsecuritygohand-in-handwithincreasingIDPs.Alltencountries/territorieswithmorethan2millionIDPsin2023areamongthetenworstfoodcrisesbynumbera

303、nd/orshareofpeoplefacinghighacutefoodinsecurity.Assistanceisoftentargetedtocampsettingsbecausevulnerabledisplacedpopulationslivingoutsidecampsareoftendifficulttolocateandaccountfor,buttheyalsofacesignificantchallengestoeconomicandsocialintegrationwithhostcom

304、munities,leadingtohigherlevelsofacutefoodinsecuritycomparedwiththeirhostcounterparts(IOM,2023).Thereisalsoastrongcorrelationbetweenacutemalnutritionandinternaldisplacement.ThehighestnumberofchildrensufferingfromacutemalnutritionwereincountrieswiththelargestFood

305、availabilityRestrictivepoliciesinsomerefugee-hostingcountriesmightlimitaccesstolandforfoodproduction.Displacedpopulationsarelesslikelytoownlivestockandfarmlandthanresidents,especiallywhentheyexperiencerepeateddisplacements.Marketsmaybestrainedtorespondtoasudden

306、orsustainedincreaseddemandduetoweaklocalfoodsystems.Displacedpeoplearethereforeoftenheavilyreliantonfoodassistance,yetsevereunderfundinghasresultedincutswhetherinquantityoradecreasingnumberofhouseholdsreceivingthemleadingtoareductioninthequantityandquality

307、offoodreceived.FoodaccessWhilesomecountrieshavemadesignificantprogressinexpandinglegalaccesstoworkforrefugees,themajorityofrefugeesstruggletofinddecentemploymentoraccesslivelihoodsthatallowthemtogenerateasustainableincome,particularlythoselivingincampsettin

308、gs.Restrictivepoliciespreventdisplacedpopulationsfromaccessinglivelihoods/generatingincome,includingaccessingcreditandbankaccountsandbeingpermittedtoopenabusiness,whichrestrictsentrepreneurshipandengaginginbusiness.Displacedpopulationsmayfacelabourmarketcompetitionin

309、andwithhostcommunities.Employmenttendstobeunpredictable,highriskandlowpaid.Facedwithlowincomes,inflation,foodpricerisesandvolatility,theyareoftenunabletomeettheirfoodandotherbasicneedswithoutresortingtoharmfulcopingstrategies.FoodutilizationMostdisplacedpopula

310、tionsliveinmarginalizedorhigh-riskareas,exposedtonaturaldisastersorcrowdedintodensecampsorpoorurbancentreswithlimitedaccesstosocialorhealthservices.Accesstocleanwater,improvedsanitationandcookingfacilitiescanbelimited,increasingtheriskofdiseaseandmalnutritio

311、n,particularlyamongwomenandchildren.Displacementcanbreakdownsocialnetworksanddisruptbutsometimesstrengthencommunitysupportsystems.Thestressorsassociatedwithbeingdisplacedandfindingoneselfinunfamiliarplacesexposedtounfamiliarfoodsourcescanaffectmentalandphysical

312、health,andcompromiseinfantandyoungchild-feedingpractices.FoodstabilityLackofpredictableandstableincome,andpooraccesstolivelihoods,shelterandbasicservicescanmakeitdifficultfordisplacedhouseholdstopredictablyorstablymeettheirfoodneeds.Colombia,with6.9millionIDPsin

313、2023,isnotincludedinthisgraphicbecausenodatawereavailablefor20202022.Source:IOM;OCHA;UNHCR.fig.1.22Four-yeartrendsinfood-crisiscountrieswithmorethan5millionIDPsin20232024),theentireIDPpopulationarefacinghighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity,with25percentestimatedtobe

314、facingCatastrophe(IPCPhase5)(IPC,December2023).Some60percentofIDPsinBurkinaFaso,67percentinSomalia,and100percentofIDPslivingincampsinnorthwestSyrianArabRepublicfacedhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurity(GRFC2024)(seetable1.1onpage24).Figures1.22and1.23aboveshowthech

315、angeoverthelastfouryearsinthenumberof9.1MSUDAN5.7MAFGHANISTAN6.6MSYRIANARABREPUBLIC6.9MDEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTHECONGOfig.1.23Four-yeartrendsinfood-crisiscountrieswith25millionIDPsin20233.7MUKRAINE3.5METHIOPIA2.6MMYANMAR2.0MSOUTHSUDAN2.8MYEMEN3.4MNIGERIADisplacedpopulationsf

316、aceparticularvulnerabilitiespertainingtothefourpillarsoffoodinsecurity2020202120222023024681020202021202220230246NUMBEROFIDPS(MILLIONS)NUMBEROFIDPS(MILLIONS)CONTENTSF20CHAPTER1|SPOTLIGHTONDISPLACEMENTIDPpopulationsincludingnortheasternandnorthwesternNigeria,Ethiopia,Afghani

317、stan,theSudanandDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.FortheSudan,arevisedanalysisaftertheApril2023startoftheconflictprojecteda15percentincreaseinthenumberofchildrensufferingfromwastinginstateshostinglargeIDPpopulations.InEthiopia,SMARTsurveysconductedinAugust2023in

318、IDPsitesacrosstheTigrayregionindicatedaCriticalprevalenceofacutemalnutritionamongIDPchildrenunder5yearsold(26.5percent)(SMART,August2023).Morethan60percentofrefugees,asylum-seekersandmigrantsfacehighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityinmultiplecountriesOutofthe59food-cr

319、isiscountries/territorieswithdatain2023,44hostmorethan5000refugees,asylum-seekersandmigrantpopulations.Thesecountriesarethemselvessufferingstructuralvulnerabilitiesandrepeatedshocks.In2023,particularlyhighlevelsofacutefoodinsecurityexistedamongrefugeeandmigrantpopula

320、tionsinColombia,Congo,Bangladesh,Ecuador,Egypt,JordanandSouthSudan(GRFC2024)(seetable1.2onpage24).Furthermore,High(1015percent)orVeryHigh(above15percent)levelsofacutemalnutritionamongchildrenunder5yearsoldwerefoundinrefugeecampsinAlgeria,Bangladesh,Cameroon,Chad,Djibouti,E

321、thiopia,Kenya,theNiger,SouthSudanandUganda,accordingtoUNHCRSENSsurveyscarriedoutintheseoperations(GRFC2024).“Returninghome”maynotmeansafetyorstabilityManyreturneesfaceextremehardship,continueddisplacementandacutefoodinsecurity.Theyarenotalwaysabletoreturntotheir

322、placeoforiginortheyfindthattheircommunitieshavechanged,includinglossofaccesstotheirhomes,landsandlivelihoods,whichcanalsodirectlyimpactfoodinsecurity.ThereareseveralillustrativeexamplesofthisintheGRFC.In2023,theGovernmentofPakistanannouncedplanstorepatriate“i

323、llegalforeigners”.Followingthis,manyAfghansmadethedecisiontoleavePakistan,althoughsomedeportationswerealsorecorded.Frommid-Septembertotheendof2023,0.5millionreturned.Peoplearrivingattheborderwereexhausted,requiringurgentassistanceandpsychosocialsupport.ManyAfghanre

324、turnees,includingwomenandchildren,arevulnerable,especiallyinharshwinterconditionsifleftwithoutadequateshelter(UNHCR,January2024).Manyarereturningtoasituationofinternaldisplacement,joiningthecountrys5.7millionexistingIDPs(IOM,December2023).InCaboDelgado,Mozambique,aredu

325、ctioninconflictallowedaround0.6millionIDPstoreturntosafeareasin2023,butlargelywithoutaccesstolandorthemeanstorestarttheirsubsistenceactivities(IPC,November2023).TheSouthSudaneserefugeesintheSudanprovideanotherexample:byFebruary2024,theconflicthadforcednearly

326、0.5millionrefugeestoreturntoSouthSudan.Theircopingstrategiestomeettheirfoodandotherbasicneedshavebeenexhaustedbyrepeateddisplacements,lowownershipofassetsandlittleengagementwithsubsistencelivelihoods,witharound28000ofthemprojectedtofacecatastrophiclevelsofac

327、utefoodinsecurity(IPCPhase5)inAprilNovember2024(IPC,November2023).Outofthe7.3millionUkrainiansfacingmoderateorsevereacutefoodinsecurityin2023,about1millionwerereturningrefugeesandnearly1millionwereinternallydisplaced(HNRP,January2024).Fundingshortfallshitdisplaced

328、populationshardWhilethescaleofbothacutefoodinsecurityandforceddisplacementcontinuestogrow,resourceconstraintsandotherfactorsresultinareductioninthenumberofpeopleassistedand/ortheamountofassistanceprovided.OverUSD57billioninfundswererequiredtomeettheworlds

329、humanitarianneedsin2023,butasofNovember2023aboutathirdorUSD20billionhadbeenraisedagainstthistarget(GlobalHumanitarianOverview2024).Asaresultoftheseshortfalls,exacerbatedbyrisingcommodityandlogisticscosts,aswellasaccessandsecuritychallenges,life-savingfoodassist

330、ancetomanyoftheworldsworstfoodcrisesisbeingreduced.Thisiscontributingtoincreasedadoptionofnegativecopingstrategiestoensurefoodconsumptionintheshortterm,andeventually,adeteriorationinfoodconsumption(WFP,forthcoming2024).Lackofinvestmentinresilience,aswellaslim

331、itedemploymentandlivelihoodopportunitiesandhighdependencyonfoodassistance,havemadedisplacedpopulationsevenmorevulnerabletothesereductions.fig.1.24Food-crisiscountrieshostingatleast1millionrefugees,migrantsorasylum-seekers,20231.0M1.0M1.0M1.1M1.5M1.6M2.1M2.5M3.5M3

332、.6MSUDANBANGLADESHETHIOPIACHADPERUUGANDAPAKISTANCOLOMBIAIRAN(ISLAMICREPUBLIC)TRKIYESource:UNHCRNowcastedestimates,December2023.DatachallengesFoodsecuritydataondisplacedpopulationsareoftendifficulttocompareacrosspopulationsoraggregatebecauseoftheuseofdifferentindicatorsor

333、methodsofanalysis.Specificvulnerabilitieslimitingaccesstofood(includingaccesstolandandproductiveresources,freedomofmovement,financialinclusion,etc.)fordisplacedpopulationsarenotalwaysadequatelycaptured.Accurateassessmentishamperedbydisplacedpopulationsbeinginhard-to-accessareasorbecausethedynamicnatureofdisplacementmeansthatpopulationsmaynotbepresent