Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates
Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.
Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.
Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelonglasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.
Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian(百姓的)clothes.
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.
Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.
Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.
在第二段作者讨论支持制服的主要原因，我们需要注意两个词：for,first。第三段紧接着提到制服的一些实际的好处。
第四段作者的笔锋一转，提到反对制服的主要原因，两个关键词是：primary,against。同样，在第五段给出的是一些反对制服实际的问题。
5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.
A)UniformsandSociety
B)TheImportanceofWearingaUniform
C)PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniform
D)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms
请读本文的前四题，并且找到它们在文中对应的地方(先不要做题)：
1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality.
A)stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes
B)holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard
C)enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity
D)willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform
2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkingthatamaninuniform.
A)suggestsqualitywork
B)discardshissocialidentity
C)appearstobemorepractical
D)lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes
3.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto.
A)providepracticalbenefitstothewearer
B)makethewearercatchthepubliceye
D)providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity
4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms.
A)areusuallyhelpful
B)havelittleornoindividualfreedom
C)tendtolosetheirindividuality
D)enjoygreaterpopularity
可以看出，第一题出自第一段，中间两题出自第二段，第四题出自第四段。
美国人特别为自己的多样性和个性而自豪，但是他们却非常喜爱和尊重制服，无论是电梯操作员的制服还是五星上将的制服。为什么制服在美国那么受欢迎呢
最重要的原因之一是，在很多人看来穿制服比穿便装看上去更加职业化，人们习惯于期待从穿制服的人身上得到更好的服务。如果电视机修理工穿着制服去修电视，就比穿便装更能给人带来信任感，穿制服的汽车修理工给人的感觉也是这样。另外，对于护士、警察、理发师和侍者来说，要想让别人不知道自己的职业身份，有什么方法比脱掉制服更加容易呢
制服还有一些很实际的好处，比如说你不需要花钱买别的衣服了，也不需要花钱去清洗它，而且它是可减税的。而且制服相对普通衣服来说更舒服，更耐穿。
反对制服的观点主要是它们缺少变化，穿制服使人失去个性。尽管有很多种制服，但是一旦穿上了某一种制服，就一辈子穿下去了，没有任何变化，一直到退休为止。当人们看上去相像时，他们的思想、语言、行动也会变得相像，至少在工作中是这样的。
制服也会带来一些很实际的问题。尽管它们比较耐穿，但是起初花费在制服上的钱可能会比普通衣服要高。还有一些制服，保养起来是非常花钱的，它们需要专业化的干洗，而不能在家里做普通的清洗。
图1
英文行文方式：倒金字塔形，即最重要的内容一般放在最前面加以介绍，越往后重要性越低。
在做阅读理解题时有两个标准：速度和准确度。四级阅读的速度要求是70wpm(wordsperminute)，准确度要求是70%以上。一般同学们有两种阅读顺序：
综合这两种方法，可以归纳出既照顾速度又考虑准确度的阅读步骤：
3)为查读和定位。花5～7分钟找到题目所在的地方，并且做题。
4)为检查。注意在检查时如果没有确凿把握，不要随意改动自己的第一选择，因为研究证明第一选择比第二选择的正确可能性大。
实际上我们只要读下面划线的部分就知道本文的中心和每段的主题了。
我们要想准确知道哪一个选项是正确选项，就需要了解迷惑项的出题方式。知道正确答案为什么对和错误选项为什么错。
A)Americahassuddenlybecomeanationofoldpeople
B)gerontologyhassuddenlybecomepopular
C)moreelderlyprofessorsarefoundonAmericancampuses
D)Americancollegeshaverealizedtheneedofenrollingolderstudents
2.WiththeagingofAmerica,lawyerscanbenefit.
B)fromrenderingspecialservicestotheelderly
C)byenrichingtheirprofessionalknowledge
D)bywinningthetrustoftheelderlytopromotetheirowninterests
3.Whycanbusinessmenmakemoneyintheemergingeldermarket
A)Retireesaremoregenerousinspendingmoney.
B)Theycanemploymoregerontologists.
C)Theelderlypossessanenormouspurchasingpower.
D)Therearemoreelderlypeopleworkingthanbefore.
4.Whocanmakebigmoneyinthenewcenturyaccordingtothepassage
A)Retireeswhoarebusiness-minded.
B)Thevolunteerworkersinretirementhomes.
C)CollegegraduateswithanMBAorlawdegree.
D)Professionalswithagoodknowledgeofgerontology.
A)willprovidegoodjobopportunitiesinmanyareas
B)willimposeanunbearableburdenonsociety
C)mayleadtonursinghomeabuseandagediscrimination
D)willcreatenewfieldsofstudyinuniversities
老师在出迷惑选项时会有如下四种错误方式：
图2
第二步同学们把题干中的关键词划线，然后就可以知道第1题应从头两句中找到答案，第2题应在第二段的第一句话找，第3题在第二段的第二句话找答案，第4题接着读第二段就可以，而最后一题为主旨题。
第三步具体做题。
1.【答案解析】B。我们通过头两句话可以知道答案。A)选项犯了二类错误，文中提到美国老年人越来越多，但这只是一个事实，不是作者的主题;C)选项犯了一类错误，文中根本没有提到美国校园里有越来越多的老年教授;D)选项也犯了一类错误，并没有提到美国大学认识到招收老年学生的必要性。
5.【答案解析】A。本题为主旨题。美国老年人口的增加会在很多领域提供很好的工作机会。B)过于夸大了老年人对社会造成的负担，为二类错误。C)选项只是现象，并不是结果，为二类错误。D)选项为一类错误，无关选项。
经过了如此细致的分析，第四步检查时就可以很快完成了。
Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise(有氧操).Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivitiesandliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalize(获利)onthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.Howevertheirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.
Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.
并读下面这个问题：
38.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement
A)Positive.B)Indifferent.C)Negative.D)Cautious.
我们知道任何问题的正确答案必然在原文中有直接或间接的出处。本题的出处是这句话：
Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.
ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasanexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.
21.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997.
B)toestablishherimageasafriendoflandminevictims
C)toinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimsthere
D)tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandmines
A)Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.
C)TheactualsituationinAngolamadeherfeellikegoingbackhome.
D)Seeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthesituation.
23.SomemembersoftheBritishgovernmentcriticizedDianabecause.
A)shehadnotconsultedthegovernmentbeforethevisit
C)theywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandmines
D)theybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinAngola
24.HowdidDianarespondtothecriticisms
A)ShemademoreappearancesonTV.
B)Shepaidnoattentiontothem.
C)Sherosetoarguewithheropponents.
D)Shemetthe13-year-oldgirlasplanned.
25.WhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoAngola
A)IthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishgovernment.
B)Ithadgreatlypromotedherpopularity.
C)Ithadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeople.
D)IthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishgovernment.
反对党、媒体和公众都对王妃表示了支持。对政府来说，更糟的是不久以后，事实表明王妃的行程已被外交部批准，实际上她是非常了解安哥拉的状况和英国政府对地雷的政策方针的。这一结果令英国政府非常尴尬。
对于王妃来说，到这个饱受战争蹂躏的国家的访问，是一次极好的机会，可以利用她的名气向世界表明，地雷带来了多么严重的破坏和灾难。王妃说，这次经历也给了她一个与人们接近并了解他们疾苦的机会。
答案与解析
21.【题目译文】戴安娜王妃1997年出访安哥拉的目的是。
23.【题目译文】部分英国政府官员批评戴安娜王妃是因为。
24.【题目译文】戴安娜王妃对给予她的批评如何反应
25.【题目译文】戴安娜王妃怎样看待她的安哥拉之行
unit1总论Day2题型及应对策略一(主旨题)
题型及应对策略一(主旨题)
主旨题的题目形式一般为：
Thepassageismainlyabout_____.
Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthepassage
Whatisthegeneraltopicofthepassage
Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith_____.
Themainthemeofthepassageis______.
Paragraph2ismainlyabout_____.
Thebesttitleofthispassageis_____.
主题句出现的位置：
4)中间也可点题。
Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes(运动员).Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.
Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.
Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.
Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.
Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.
Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.
Exercise1
Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.
Q:Thepassageismainlyabout.
A)anewregulationforallairlines
B)thedefectsofelectronicdevices
C)apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes
D)effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight
Exercise2
Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.
Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形)paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.
Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest—curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.
Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.
Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.
Q:Thepassagemainlydiscusses.
A)anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol
B)anewpatternforpaintinghighways
C)anewapproachtotrainingdrivers
D)anewtypeofopticalillusion
Exercise3
Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadown-slowinginridership(客运量)alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.
Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.
Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.
A)Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.
C)Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.
D)Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes.
Exercise4
Expertsfinallytracedthecauseofherillness.Thelevelofformaldehyde(甲醛)gasinherkitchenwastwicethemaximumallowedbyfederalstandardsforchemicalworkers.ThesourceofthegasHernewkitchencabinetsandwall-to-wallcarpeting.
A)EnergyConservation
B)HouseBuildingCrisis
C)AirPollutionIndoors
D)TrapsinBuildingConstruction
【答案解析】C。本文主旨讲的是室内空气污染的危害原因及来历，所以C)最符合题目的要求。
unit1总论Day3题型及应对策略二(推论题)
题型及应对策略二(推论题)
这类问题的难度相对较大，需要我们不仅读懂字面含义，而且理解其字里行间的隐含意思。
一般题目形式为：
Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against...
Wecaninfer/assumethat...
Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...
Thepassagesuggeststhat...
Theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyimply...
Itcanbelearnedthat...
Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.
B)hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference
D)regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight
【题目译文】从本文推断出作者。
【答案解析】A。纵观全文我们知道，作者对电磁干扰影响飞行安全感到担忧，所以应该是倾向于完全禁止乘客使用电子设备的。
Exercise2(1999.6)
Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.
Q:WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry_______.
A)speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluently
B)areignorantaboutworldgeography
C)arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterparts
D)enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications
【题目译文】从第三段我们可以得出在美国公共关系业中雇员是。
【答案解析】C。在第二段作者讲到，英国人尤其变得更加老练和富有创造力，所以相对来说，美国人和欧洲同行比不那么老练。
Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.
Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.
Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北极的)peoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.
Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(进步).Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.
A)Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.
B)Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.
C)Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.
【题目译文】关于玩具的历史发展，作者的观点是什么
Q:ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat.
A)trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation
B)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation
C)trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe
D)trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience
Exercise5
Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.Theresult:TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent—twicethenationalaverage.
AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatbetween1995and1996,agreaterpercentageofsingle,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincomeforthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.
Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.
Q:Fromthepassageweknowthatwelfarereformaimsat.
A)savingwelfarefunds
B)rebuildingtheworkethic
C)providingmorejobs
D)cuttinggovernmentexpenses
【题目译文】根据本文我们知道福利改革的目的在于。
unit1总论Day4题型及应对策略三(态度题)
题型及应对策略三(态度题)
要做这类题目，需要我们了解全文的主题，而且还要找到一些信息词判断作者的态度或语气是什么。
态度题的提问方式有：
解题技巧为：
可能的选项如下：
arbitrary武断的advisory建议的complimentary赞扬的
sarcastic嘲讽的ironical讥讽的humorous幽默的
indifferent漠不关心的informative提供信息的outraged愤怒的
descriptive描述的explanatory解释的sympathetic同情的
enthusiastic热情的cautious小心翼翼的objective客观的
neutral中性的，不偏不倚的compromising妥协的subjective主观的
optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的
Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids(小行星)now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.
A)Optimistic.B)Critical.
C)Objective.D)Arbitrary.
【题目译文】下列选项中哪一项最恰当地表达了作者的态度
Exercise2(2000.12)
A)creativeB)ambitious
C)unrealisticD)irrational
【题目译文】作者的经历表明他是。
Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution—freethanpresenttypes.
A)Enthusiastic.B)Pessimistic.
C)Optimistic.D)Cautious.
【题目译文】对于汽车的未来，作者的态度是什么
【答案解析】C。在最后一句话中，作者说明了自动高速公路系统的优势，平均每小时可以处理1万辆汽车，但是现在的高速公路每小时只能处理1500～2000辆汽车，所以作者对于汽车未来的态度应该是乐观的。
unit1总论Day5题型及应对策略四(词义题)
题型及应对策略四(词义题)
词义题的题目形式有：
Theword...inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.
Whatisthemeaningof...
By...theauthorrefersto_____.
Theexpression...canbereplacedby_____.
词义题有两种情况：
解题时有六大技巧帮助我们：
1)下定义(Definition)：即在一个生词后面给出它的定义，我们从定义就可以容易地找出生词的意思。
Hetakesaspecialinterestinbotany—thestudyofplants.
2)重述(Restatement)：在生词后面用一句话或一个短语从另外一个角度解释一下这个词。
Heisveryfastidious.Itisextremelyhardtopleaseandsatisfyhim.(挑剔的)
1999.6
A)limitedinoutlook
B)likepeoplefromtheprovinces
C)rigidinthinking
D)interestedinworldfinancialaffairs
First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.
2000.12
A)practicalityandrationality
B)engineeringandtheliberalarts
C)realityandnobleideals
D)flexibilityandavaluesystem
4)举例(Exemplification)：即在生词后面用一个例子加以解释，我们从例子的含义可以推知生词的意思。
2001.6
A)increasingusageamongstudents
B)exploringnewmarketsections
C)pleasingtheyoungaswellastheold
D)servingbothmilitaryandcivilneeds
Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoalistoextendproductlifesothatsalesandprofitsdonotdecline.Onestrategyiscalledmarketmodification.Itmeansthatmarketingmanagerslookfornewusersandmarketsections.Didyouknow,forexample,thatthebackpacksthatsomanystudentscarrytodaywereoriginallydesignedforthemilitary
5)比较与对比。
例一
Nowadayssomeyoungpeoplearenotthrifty,sincetheyoftenwastemoneyonuselessthings.
例二
Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsoapublicactivity:Itcanbeseenandobserved.
Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseoftheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.
Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothiseliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventheopportunitytosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbyreading.
A)suspicionB)control
C)observationD)inquiry
6)构词法：有时我们知道这个生词的词根，前缀或者后缀，就可以猜出词的意思。